美国关键矿产安全的脆弱性识别与韧性操作逻辑  

Vulnerability Identification and Resilience Logic in US Critical Minerals Security

作　　者：阙天舒[1,2,3] 闫姗姗 QUE Tianshu;YAN Shanshan(ECUPL Academy for China’s Rule-of-Law;ECUPL Academy National Security Institute;ECUPL Academy Key Laboratory of Smart Police and National Security Risk Governance;School of Government,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai,201600)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学中国法治战略研究院 [2]华东政法大学国家安全研究院 [3]华东政法大学智慧警务与国家安全风险治理重点实验室 [4]华东政法大学政府管理学院,上海201600

出　　处：《国际安全研究》2024年第4期106-130,159,160,共27页Journal of International Security Studies

基　　金：2020年度教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“积极参与全球治理体系改革和建设研究”(项目编号:20JZD057);智慧警务与国家安全风险治理重点实验室2023年度开放课题重点项目“人工智能时代社会舆情嬗变、风险审视及治理研究”(项目编号:ZHK FZD2302)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：关键矿产安全是满足国防工业基础建设、助推清洁能源产业转型以及实现诸多高新技术研发与落地等国家安全需要的核心要素。供应链的安全则是关键矿产安全的核心,而生产与开发能力、回收技术发展、地缘政治竞争等因素皆会影响供应链的稳定性。存在严重对外依赖的现实使得美国为摆脱关键矿产安全的脆弱性,开始追求关键矿产的安全韧性。但在全球实力和地位相对下降的背景下,美国将地缘政治竞争视为影响供应安全的最重要因素。因此,美国在关键矿产安全领域表现出双重叙事:一方面,美国秉持生存叙事,力图通过减少关键矿产供应链的脆弱性,增强韧性,以保障国家安全的基本需求;另一方面,美国又主张权力叙事,将关键矿产安全韧性视为操作工具,以谋求全球控制和主导地位。在双重叙事的交织下,美国通过政治化关键矿产评估、构建排他性供应链等策略,意图在国际舞台上塑造有利于己的格局。而此种刻意制造安全焦虑、拉动“小圈子”、分割全球发展力量的举措给全球安全韧性带来严重冲击,威胁全人类的福祉,中国要高度警觉其进一步的举措,并积极进行应对。Critical minerals security is an essential factor in meeting the national security needs for building national defense industry infrastructure,empowering the clean energy transition,and accomplishing high-tech research,development,and application.The foundation of critical minerals security lies in the security of critical minerals supply chains whose stability is subject to such factors as production and development capacities,recycling technology advancements,and geopolitical competition.Heavy external dependence of critical minerals has led the US to enhance its security resilience in order to overcome the vulnerability of its critical minerals supply.Nonetheless,given the relative decline of its global strength and status,the US views geopolitical competition as the most important factor affecting the security of critical minerals supply chains.Therefore,the US employs a two-pronged narrative in the area of critical minerals security:on the one hand,it adheres to a survival narrative,endeavoring to meet the fundamental requirements of national security by decreasing the vulnerability of critical minerals supply chains and strengthening their resilience;on the other hand,it upholds a power narrative,viewing the resilience of critical minerals security as an operational tool to pursue global control and dominance.Under the dual narrative,the US intends to establish a pattern favorable to itself in the international arena mainly by creating exclusive supply chains and politicizing the assessment of critical minerals.However,the deliberate actions of creating security anxiety,forming cliques and carving up global development forces have greatly impacted global security resilience and jeopardized the well-being of all humanity.Therefore,China must remain highly vigilant against further measures of this nature and actively respond to them.

关 键 词：关键矿产安全 脆弱性 韧性 权力叙事 全球安全韧性 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系] D871.2[政治法律—政治学] F426.1[政治法律—外交学]