列宁对俄国革命主题的首次解答及其意义——基于《什么是“人民之友”以及他们如何攻击社会民主党人?》的研究  

Lenin's First Answer on Russia's Revolution Theme and Its Significance:Based on What's People's Friends"and How Do They Attack Social Democrats

作　　者：吕佳翼 Li Jiayi

机构地区：[1]南开大学马克思主义学院,天津300350

出　　处：《马克思主义理论学科研究》2024年第4期51-60,共10页Studies on Marxist Theory

摘　　要：列宁的《什么是“人民之友”以及他们如何攻击社会民主党人?》批判了自由主义民粹派对马克思主义的曲解和抨击及其关于俄国发展前途的错误观点,并揭露了这一错误思潮的本质。在这部著作中,列宁在马克思主义的指导下,通过对俄国经济关系的政治经济学分析,对俄国革命的主题作出了首次解答。如果说列宁在此前只是从“客观趋势”的层面论述了俄国资本主义经济的发展,那么在这部著作中,列宁更进一步地从俄国马克思主义者的“主体立场”论述了对此应采取的辩证观点和革命实践的基本定向。这一著作不仅对列宁的思想具有奠基意义,发展了马克思主义革命理论,并且对俄国等其他经济文化相对落后国家的革命实践具有重要的指导意义,蕴含着重要的方法论价值。它启示我们在坚持马克思主义指导的同时必须充分研究当今时代和本国实际,大胆探索自己的独特道路,走出一条既吸纳现代社会文明成果又超越西方现代化弊端的中国式现代化道路。Lenin's What's"People's Friends"and How Do They Attack Social Democrats criticized the misunderstanding and distortion on Marxism by Liberal Populists and their wrong views on the future of Russia's development,revealed the essence of this thought.The most important theme of this book was to give the solution to the Russian revolution firstly through the political economic analysis'under the guidance of Marxism.While the former two books only discussed the development of the Russian capitalist economy on the level of"objective tendency",Lenin's this book discussed the dialectical views which should be taken by the Russian Marxists and the basic orientation of the revolutionary practice on the level of"subjective stand"This book not only laid the foundation in Lenin's thought,developed the Marxist revolution theories,but also directed the revolutions in other underdeveloped countries,and contained important methodology enlightenments.It enlightens us that when we insist Marxism,we should abandon any dogmatism and metaphysics,study fully the reality of our own country,explore boldly the unique path of our own country,treat dialectically and control effectively the capitals,take the Chinese path to modernization which not only absorbs the common civilization achievements of modern societies but also transcend the disadvantages of western style of modernization.

关 键 词：列宁 俄国革命 工人阶级 自由主义民粹派 

分 类 号：A82[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]