烟秆炭与尿素配施对酸性红壤理化特征与作物生长的影响  

Effects of Co-application of Tobacco Stalk Biochar and Urea on thePhysicochemical Properties of Acidic Red Soil and Crop Growth

作　　者：何翰宇 周瑞春 王豪吉 程圆钦 官会林[1] 徐武美 HE Hanyu;ZHOU Ruichun;WANG Haoji;CHENG Yuanqin;GUAN Huilin;XU Wumei(Yunnan Provincial Observation and Research Station of Soil Degradation and Restoration for Cultivating Plateau Traditional Chinese Medicinal Plants,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学高原特色中药材种植土壤质量演变退化与修复云南省野外科学观测研究站,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第3期54-59,共6页Journal of Yunnan Normal University:Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31901126);云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才资助项目(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0247);云南省院士专家工作站资助项目(202305AF150027,YSZJGZZ-2021062).

摘　　要：为研究生物炭与氮素配施对作物生长的影响,向酸性红壤中添加2%的烟秆炭,尿素添加量为20、40 mg·kg^(-1)与60 mg·kg^(-1)(以氮素计,标记为T1、T2和T3),以不施用尿素为对照(CK),以广泛食用的青菜(Brassica rapa var.chinensis)为试验作物,种植80 d后采收,并采集土样用于理化性质与脲酶活性分析.结果表明,青菜产量随施氮量的升高而显著增加(P<0.05),T1、T2和T3处理下青菜产量较CK分别增加了53%、75%与103%.随着尿素施加量的增加,土壤速效氮含量与电导率显著升高,而pH降低(P<0.05).多元回归分析表明,土壤速效氮含量是影响青菜产量的关键因素(R^(2)=51.1%),且随着尿素添加量的增加,青菜叶片中氮含量升高(P<0.05),表明作物氮素营养得到了有效改善.因此,向施炭的酸性红壤中添加速效氮,是促进作物生长与产量提升的有效措施.In order to investigate the effects of co-applicationof biochar and urea on crop growth,2%of tobacco stalk biochar was added to acidic red soil.Urea was added at 20,40 mg·kg^(-1),and 60 mg·kg^(-1)(calculatedby N,labeled as T1,T2,and T3),with no addition as the control(CK).Brassica rapa var.chinensis,a widely consumed vegetable,was selected as the experimental crop.After 80 days of growth,the crops were harvested,and soil samples were collected for analysis of physicochemical properties and urease activity.The results showed that the crop yield significantly increased with the increasing of N application amount(P<0.05).Compared with CK,the crop yield under T1,T2,and T3 treatments increased by 53%,75%,and 103%,respectively.Moreover,the content of available nitrogen in the soil and electrical conductivity were significantly increased,while pH was decreased under urea application(P<0.05).Multiple regression analysis indicated that the content of available nitrogen in the soil was the key factor affecting crop yield(R^(2)=51.1%),and the nitrogen content in the plant leaves was increased under urea application(P<0.05).Therefore,the addition of nitrogen to biochar-amended acid red soil is an effective measure to promote crop growth and yield.

关 键 词：烟秆炭 铵态氮 硝态氮 作物产量 酸性红壤 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]