工业园区从能耗双控转向碳排放双控的路径研究  

Research on Transformation Path of Industrial Parks from Dual-Control of Energy Consumption to Dual-Control of Carbon Emissions

作　　者：严坤 周全 高晗博 田金平[1,3,4] 陈吕军 YAN Kun;ZHOU Quan;GAO Hanbo;TIAN Jinping;CHEN Lüjun(School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Economic and Technical Research Institute,State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310020,China;Center for Ecological Civilization,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Institute for Carbon Neutrality,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [2]国网浙江省电力有限公司经济技术研究院,浙江杭州310020 [3]清华大学生态文明研究中心,北京100084 [4]清华大学碳中和研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2024年第6期1204-1214,共11页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.72274103);国网浙江省电力有限公司科技项目(No.5211JY220012);鄂尔多斯-清华大学碳中和协同创新专项。

摘　　要：工业园区集聚了全国80%的工业企业,资源能源消耗大、温室气体排放多。做好园区从能耗双控向碳排放双控的转变(简称“双控转变”),对建设以实体经济为支撑的现代化产业体系和推进新型工业化具有重要意义。针对园区产业结构、用能组成、排放特征等要素“千园千面”的特点,“一园一策”制定转变技术路径仍亟待破题。为此,本文重点开展了三方面研究:首先,基于政策分析和文献研究,从控制范围、实施方式与作用效果等方面辨析了园区能耗双控与碳排放双控的内涵。其次,识别出园区双控转变面临的统一规范碳排放统计核算体系构建、双控目标设定与分解措施、多利益相关方协调统筹三大难题。进而,从能碳现状、目标设定、行动策略等3个方面提出工业园区双控转变的技术路径总体框架,并以两百余家国家级经济技术开发区为案例进行分析。2017年,203家国家级经济技术开发区中有68%的园区单位能耗的碳排放水平高于平均值〔3.20 t(以二氧化碳当量计)/t(以标准煤计)〕,双控转变可为多数园区带来更大的能源结构和产业结构优化调整压力,更有效地促进园区和企业的绿色发展。结合园区产业结构特征和能耗与碳排放特征,研究识别出重点行业企业高度聚集、工业过程排放占比显著、间接排放占比较高的三类双控转变重点园区,针对性构建三类园区的双控转变目标设置与转变路径构建原则,提出协调多利益相关方统筹推动双控转变的行动策略与技术路径,支撑工业园区绿色低碳高质量转型。Industrial parks(IPs)gather more than 80 percent of China′s industrial enterprises,causing large amounts of energy consumption and carbon emissions.Therefore,the transformation of IPs from dual control of energy consumption to dual control of carbon emissions is of great significance for building a modern industrial system supported by the real economy and promoting new industrialization.However,given great difference in energy use and carbon emissions of IPs,there is still an urgent need to address the issue of formulating tailored strategies for transition technology pathway for IPs.Accordingly,the study focuses on three aspects.Firstly,from policy analysis and literature review,the connotations of dual control of energy consumption and carbon emissions in industrial parks are analyzed from the perspectives of control scope,implementation mode,and effectiveness.Secondly,the three major challenges faced by the transformation of dual control in IPs are identified,namely,the construction of a unified and standardized carbon accounting system,the setting and decomposition of dual control targets,and the coordination and overall planning of multiple stakeholders.Subsequently,a technical framework for the dual control transformation of IPs is proposed from three facets:status of energy consumption and carbon emissions of IPs,associated target setting,and feasible action strategies.Over two hundred national economic and technological development zones(NETDZs)are used as cases for analysis.In 2017,68%of the 203 NETDZs had carbon emissions per unit of energy consumption higher than the average level(3.20 t/t).The dual-control shift can bring greater pressure to optimize and adjust the energy structure and industrial structure for most zones,and more effectively promote the green development of IPs.Combining the characteristics of industrial structure and the characteristics of energy consumption and carbon emission of the parks,the study identifies three types of dual-control transformation key IPs where enterprises i

关 键 词：工业园区 碳排放双控 能耗双控 转变路径 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]