复杂岩性隧道超前切割爆破方法研究  

Research on Advanced Cutting Control Blasting of Complex Lithologic Tunnel

作　　者：杨志龙 钟冬望[1,2] 白文良 赵云鹏 马建军[1,2] 李腾飞 何理[1,2] 司剑峰[1,2,4] 蔡路军[1,2] YANG Zhi-long;ZHONG Dong-wang;BAI Wen-liang;ZHAO Yun-peng;MA Jian-jun;LI Teng-fei;HE Li;SI Jian-feng;CAI Lu-jun(College of Science,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430065,China;Hubei Intelligent Blasting Engineering Technology Research Center,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430065,China;China Railway Construction Bridge Engineering Bureau Group CO.,LTD,Tianjin 300300,China;China Railway Siyuan Survey And Design Group Co.,LTD.,Wuhan 430065,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学理学院,武汉430065 [2]武汉科技大学湖北省智能爆破工程技术研究中心,武汉430065 [3]中国铁建大桥工程局集团有限公司,天津300300 [4]中铁四院集团建设工程有限责任公司,武汉430065

出　　处：《爆破》2024年第2期23-31,共9页Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51904210、52274136);湖北省自然科学基金青年项目(2022CFB594)。

摘　　要：针对复杂岩性隧道传统爆破开挖效果差的问题,基于传统光面爆破与预裂爆破的研究,在隧道周边局部存在软弱围岩情况下,将软弱围岩区周边孔的爆破提前至掏槽孔爆破之后进行,提出一种超前切割控制爆破方法。建立了准三维模型,使用流固耦合(ALE)算法和ANSYS/Ls-dyna有限元分析软件,对超前切割爆破方法与传统预裂、光面爆破方法进行了数值模拟对比研究,结果表明:相较于光面爆破与预裂爆破,对超前切割爆破在隧道轮廓周边损伤深度分别降低了6.85%与10.08%。结合仿真结果设计了现场爆破试验方案,并开展了光面爆破及超前切割爆破方法的现场对比试验,爆破结果表明:采用超前切割的爆破方法后,隧道的轮廓面成型效果好且软弱围岩区无掉块、坍塌情况,同时超欠挖得到有效控制。对爆破后的断面进行三维断面扫描数据及统计结果表明:相较于效果较好的光面爆破,超前切割爆破的最大超挖降低了35.98%、平均超挖降低了25.60%,混凝土消耗数量降低了26.3%,其平整度标准差提高了24.29%。该方法经过现场实践验证,在降低超挖的同时还可以减弱复杂岩性区内的爆破损伤,提升隧道保留围岩平整度。In response to the poor excavation effect of traditional blasting in complex lithology tunnels,a method called advanced cutting control blasting is proposed based on the research of traditional smooth blasting and pre-splitting blasting.This method involves conducting the blasting around weak surrounding rock areas after tunnel contouring hole blasting.A quasi-three-dimensional model was established,and numerical simulations were conducted using the fluid-structure interaction(ALE)algorithm and ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element analysis software to compare the advanced cutting control blasting method with traditional pre-splitting and smooth blasting methods.The results show that compared to smooth blasting and pre-splitting,advanced cutting control blasting reduced the depth of damage around the tunnel contour by 6.85%and 10.08%,respectively.Based on simulation results,field blast test plans were designed,and comparative tests between smooth surface blasting and advanced cutting control blasting methods were carried out.The blast results demonstrated that after adopting the advanced cutting control method,the tunnel contour had good shaping effects without block falling or collapse in weak surrounding rock areas,while over-excavation was effectively controlled.Three-dimensional cross-sectional scanning data and statistical results of post-blast sections indicated that compared to well-performing smooth surface blasting,maximum over-excavation decreased by 35.98%,average over-excavation decreased by 25.60%,concrete consumption decreased by 26.3%,and flatness standard deviation increased by 24.29%.This method has been verified through field practice as it reduces over-excavation while mitigating blast damage in complex lithology areas,thereby improving tunnel retaining rock flatness.

关 键 词：隧道爆破 复杂岩性 超前切割爆破 损伤控制 三维扫描 

分 类 号：TD235.3[矿业工程—矿井建设]