低温冰冻环境下的岩塞爆破设计与施工实践  

Design and Practice of Rock Plug Blasting in Cryogenic Environment

作　　者：迟祥 姚春雨 CHI Xiang;YAO Chun-yu(Jilin Dongdelai Blasting Demolition Co.,Ltd.,Jilin 132000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林东德来爆破拆除有限公司,吉林市132000

出　　处：《爆破》2024年第2期51-59,74,共10页Blasting

摘　　要：引松供水是解决吉林省中部地区城市供水问题的大型调水工程,取水口的岩塞爆破是项目的重点控制性工程。该岩塞为喇叭口形状,顶宽28.4 m,底宽7.0 m,塞体厚15.76 m。施工地处低温地带,气温在-10~-15℃左右,正直冰冻期,冰盖厚约0.5 m。在低温冰冻的环境下实施岩塞爆破作业,可参考的工程案例较少。针对所面临的技术难点,分别进行了1∶1岩塞爆破试验和爆器材低温试验。1∶1岩塞爆破试验与原位岩塞爆破方案基本一致,爆后经检查,进水口形状、尺寸与设计基本符合,达到了预期目标,实际验证了设计中的掏槽孔等相关炮孔布置、装药结构、炸药使用量和起爆网路的可行性。爆破器材低温试验解决了低温冰冻环境下普通乳化炸药的水相氧化剂析晶与敏化气泡丧失后拒爆的问题,检验了采用了物理方式的固体颗粒进行敏化高抗水乳化炸药的可靠性,试验实测值达到了技术要求。高精度数码电子雷管的通讯、授时、组网全部正常。高能导爆索因采取设置端头帽和环氧树脂等防护措施,爆轰感度没有明显变化。通过正常装药的爆破孔爆破对比,经过低温试验的爆破器材较好地满足设计要求。根据两次试验结果,对爆破方案进行了优化。在实际作业过程中遇到炮孔内壁出现凸起冰凌,药柱无法装入等问题都得到很好的解决。起爆网路采用的是将沿衬砌连接段环绕一周的三条主线分为不同颜色,电子雷管按分组接在对应颜色的主线上。环形的爆破主线的能有效避免低温渗漏水导致连接件内防水失效,也为后续拆除钻孔、装药作业平台提供便利。通过在岩塞上部冰层开凿泄压孔进行爆破破冰,及时泄放压力。爆后断面与设计相差很小,洞口外侧未发现垮塌,关键部位爆破振动监测点峰值均有效控制在安全允许范围内,达到了预期的一次爆通成型、控制爆破振动和环境保The Yinsong Water Diversion Project is a large-scale water diversion project aimed at solving the urban water supply problem in the central region of Jilin Province.The rock plug blasting at the intake is a key control engineering aspect of the project.The rock plug has a trumpet-shaped opening with a top width of 28.4 m,bottom width of 7.0 m,and thickness of 15.76 m.The construction site is located in a cold zone with temperatures ranging from-10℃to-15℃during the freezing period,resulting in an ice cover thickness of approximately 0.5 m.There are limited reference cases for implementing rock plug blasting operations under such low-temperature frozen conditions.To address the technical challenges faced,both 1∶1 scale rock plug blasting tests and low-temperature tests on explosive materials were conducted.The results of the 1∶1 scale rock plug blasting test were consistent with the original design,as confirmed through post-blast inspections which showed that the shape and dimensions of the intake met design requirements and achieved expected goals.This verified the feasibility of groove excavation hole layout,charge structure,amount of explosives used,and initiation network as planned in the design.The low-temperature test on explosive materials resolved issues related to phase separation and loss of sensitizing bubbles for ordinary emulsion explosives under low-temperature frozen environments.It also examined reliability by using physically treated solid particles for sensitized high-water-resistant emulsion explosives;experimental measurements met technical requirements.All communication,timing synchronization,and networking functions for high-precision digital electronic detonators operated normally.The high-energy detonation of the explosive charge was effectively controlled by implementing protective measures such as setting end caps and using epoxy resin.The sensitivity to detonation did not show any significant changes.Through a comparison with conventional blasting holes,it was observed that the eq

关 键 词：岩塞爆破 低温冰冻 可靠性 岩塞爆破设计 

分 类 号：TU235[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]