露天矿深孔台阶爆破逐孔起爆参数的优化研究与应用  

Optimization and Application of Blasting Parameters of Deep Hole Bench Blasting in Open Pit Mine

作　　者：张衍昊 刘少光 楼晓明[1,2] ZHANG Yan-hao;LIU Shao-guang;LOU Xiao-ming(Zijin School of Geology and Mining,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350116,China;Institute of Explosion Technology,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350116,China;Ningde Public Security Bureau,Ningde 352100,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学紫金地质与矿业学院,福州350116 [2]福州大学爆炸技术研究所,福州350116 [3]宁德市公安局,宁德352100

出　　处：《爆破》2024年第2期104-111,252,共9页Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52109124);多宝山露天矿高陡边坡控制爆破技术研究(01612111)。

摘　　要：露天矿深孔台阶爆破常存在炸药单耗和大块及根底率偏高增加综合成本、爆堆松散度过小不利于铲装、爆破振动过大影响边坡稳定等问题。以多宝山露天矿深孔台阶控制爆破为工程依托,从理论上建立了逐孔起爆爆破引起的应力场解析式,确定了逐孔起爆的孔排距、最小底抗线和孔间延期时间;采用LS-DYNA软件对此爆破参数建立的模型爆破应力大小和破碎范围进行了分析,并在多宝山露天矿进行了6组不同爆破参数条件下的现场工业试验,确定了不同炸药单耗等爆破参数与块度、松散度的变化规律,验证并确定了优化的多宝山露天矿深孔台阶控制爆破参数。主要研究成果为:(1)在多宝山露天矿爆破的耦合装药条件下,通过逐孔起爆应力场的理论推导和分析,应力场分布和应力大小的影响仅限于前后两孔之间,孔间延期时间17 ms是比较合理的。(2)爆破现场爆堆和块度大小数据的收集可以通过无人机倾斜摄影技术和手机拍照进行,由此收集的数据分析获得的松散度和块度是有效合理的。(3)多宝山露天矿深孔台阶爆破,当炮孔直径为178 mm和孔间延期时间17 ms时,满足爆堆块度小于60 cm、松散度大于1.45铲装条件下的炸药单耗为0.60 kg/m^(3)、孔排距为7 m×5 m。In deep hole bench blasting in open-pit mines,several issues arise including high consumption of explosives per blast,large bulk and foundation ratio,increased overall cost,inadequate loose blasting pile for shovel loading,and excessive blasting vibrations that affect slope stability.This study focuses on the controlled blasting project of deep-hole benches in Duobaoshan open-pit mine.Theoretical analysis was conducted to establish an analytical formula for the stress field caused by hole-by-hole blasting.The parameters such as hole and row spacings,minimum bottom resistance line,and delay time between holes were determined based on this formula.The LS-DYNA software was utilized to analyze the blasting stress and crushing range under these parameters.Furthermore,six groups of industrial field tests were carried out at Duobaoshan open pit mine using different blasting parameters.These tests aimed to determine the variation patterns of powder factor,fragmentation size,and looseness characteristics among different explosives.The optimized parameters for controlled deep hole bench blasting in Duobaoshan open-pit mine were verified and determined through these experiments.The main research findings are as follows:(1)Under the coupling charge condition of Duobaoshan open-pit blasts and utilizing theoretical derivation and analysis of stress fields from hole-by-hole initiation method,it was found that the influence of stress field distribution is limited to front and rear holes with a delay time between holes set at 17 ms.(2)UAV tilt photography technology along with mobile phone photography can be employed to collect data on detonation piles'characteristics and lumpiness size at blast sites.Analysis based on collected data provides effective insights into looseness levels.(3)For the 178 mm of the hole diameter and 17 ms of the holes'delay time of the deep hole bench blasting in Duobaoshan open-pit mine,the powder factor is 0.60 kg/m^(3)and the hole row spacing is 7 m×5 m under the conditions that the blast lumpiness i

关 键 词：逐孔起爆爆破应力场 孔间延期时间 爆破块度 爆堆松散度 爆破参数优化 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]