液氧相变气体膨胀技术在隧洞开挖中的应用研究  

Application of Liquid-Oxygen Phase Change Gas Expansion Technology in Tunnel Excavation

作　　者：方莹 李国良 朱振海 刘杰 孔玉霞 FANG Ying;LI Guo-liang;ZHU Zhen-hai;LIU Jie;KONG Yu-xia(Guangdong Hongkai Gas Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东宏凯气能技术有限公司,深圳518000

出　　处：《爆破》2024年第2期232-237,共6页Blasting

摘　　要：为了实现在不许可使用炸药爆破条件下的隧洞快速开挖施工,应用新型氧气膨胀破岩技术,成功探索、研究、总结出一套适用于一般隧洞开挖的掏槽、扩槽、辅助、周边孔气体膨胀破岩施工方法,详细给出了适用于隧道开挖的优化钻爆参数。隧洞穿越的山体为花岗岩,试验研究段属于Ⅳ~Ⅲ围岩,岩石的抗压强度为90~100 MPa,非常坚硬,解理裂隙比较发育,可爆性一般。采用现场试验研究方法,经过不断总结、改进、优化,对于面积约65 m^(2)的隧洞,实现了2 d一个循环,平均循环进尺约2.5 m,基本满足在不能使用炸药爆破情况下一般隧洞快速开挖施工的要求。研究表明:新型气体膨胀破岩技术可以在坚硬岩体中进行隧洞开挖,具有操作安全、破岩效率高、不涉及民爆物品和易制爆危险化学品、不产生爆炸冲击波、振动幅值较低等优点,可有效地解决复杂环境下不许可使用民爆物品及使用机械法开挖进度慢的问题。This study aims to address the challenge of rapid tunnel excavation without the use of explosive.A new oxygen expansion rock breaking technology suitable for general tunnel excavation such as cutting,expanding,auxiliary and peripheral holes is explored,researched,and summarized.The drilling and blasting parameters optimized for tunnel excavation are also provided in detail.The experimental study section consists of granite with a compressive strength ranging from 90 to 100 MPa,developed cleavage cracks,and average blastability.Through field tests and continuous improvement,an average cycle footage of 2.5 m per two-day cycle is achieved for a tunnel area of approximately 65 m^(2),meeting the requirements for rapid excavation when explosives cannot be used.The research demonstrates that the new gas expansion rock-breaking technology can effectively excavate tunnels in hard rock masses.It offers advantages such as safe operation,high efficiency in rock breaking,no involvement with civil explosives or dangerous chemicals used in explosive production,absence of explosion shock waves and low vibration amplitude.This technology provides a solution to situations where civil explosives are prohibited due to complex environmental conditions or slow progress using mechanical methods.

关 键 词：气体膨胀 致裂管 孔内充气 液氧 隧洞掘进 

分 类 号：TD235.3[矿业工程—矿井建设]