西安市2011—2021年一犬伤多人事件流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of incidents of multi-victims bitten by a single dog in Xi′an City from 2011 to 2021

作　　者：刘南[1] 冀贞浩[1] 李倩[1] 刘继锋[1] 于立芬[1] 顾馨倩 LIU Nan;JI Zhenhao;LI Qian;LIU Jifeng;YU Lifen;GU Xinqian(Xi′an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi′an,Shaanxi 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2024年第4期317-321,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：陕西省重点研发项目(2021SF-232);西安市创新能力支撑计划-医学研究项目(23YXYJ0047)。

摘　　要：目的分析西安市2011—2021年一犬伤多人事件流行病学分布特征及处置情况,为西安市狂犬病防控提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对西安市2011—2021年一犬伤多人事件肇事犬只、暴露者情况、处置措施和随访进行分析,采集肇事犬脑组织检测狂犬病毒。结果西安市2011—2021年共报告一犬伤多人事件96起。抓捕肇事犬32只,检测脑组织狂犬病毒阳性标本24份,阴性标本8份。暴露病例501例,男性278例,女性223例,男女性别比为1.25∶1;病例最大年龄85岁,最小1岁,<10岁年龄组占比最高,为17.96%(90/501);职业分布中,农民占比最高,为46.51%(233/501);咬伤部位以下肢最多,占50.90%(255/501);Ⅲ级暴露者最多,占84.03%(421/501),1例患狂犬病死亡。结论开展一犬伤多人事件的常规监测,对暴露病例进行规范化处置,同时提高家养犬的疫苗接种率,加强流浪犬抓捕工作,是降低狂犬病发生最有效的措施。Objective To analyze the epidemiological distribution characteristics and disposition of incidents of multi-victims bitten by a single dog in Xi′an City from 2011 to 2021,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of rabies in Xi′an City.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the dogs,the situation of exposed persons,the disposal measures and the follow-up in incidents of multi-victims bitten by a single dog in Xi′an City from 2011 to 2021,and the brain tissues of the dogs involved in the incident were collected for the detection of Rabies virus.Results From 2011 to 2021,a total of 96 incidents of multi-victims bitten by a single dog were reported in Xi′an City.Thirty-two dogs which cause biter were captured,with 24 positive and 8 negative specimens of Rabies virus in brain tissue.There were 501 exposed cases,including 278 males and 223 females,with a gender ratio of 1.25∶1.The oldest age of the exposed cases was 85 years old and the youngest was 1 year old.The highest proportion of 17.96%(90/501)was in the age group of<10 years old.In the occupation distribution,the proportion of peasants was the highest,accounting for 46.51%(233/501).The lower extremities were the most affected sites,accounting for 50.90%(255/501).The number of patients with gradeⅢexposure was 84.03%(421/501),and 1 person died of rabies.Conclusion The most effective measures to reduce the incidence of rabies are to carry out routine monitoring of incidents of multi-victims bitten by a single dog,to standardize the disposition of exposed cases,to improve the vaccination rate of domestic dogs,and to strengthen the capture of stray dogs.

关 键 词：一犬伤多人事件 狂犬病 流行病学 调查 暴露后处置 分析 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]