2016—2020年呼和浩特市住院婴幼儿病毒性腹泻病原监测分析  

Pathogen surveillance analysis of hospitalized infants with viral diarrhea in Hohhot from 2016 to 2020

作　　者：吴建美 张宇耕 宋健 邢宏宇 姜晓峰 雷霞 WU Jianmei;ZHANG Yugeng;SONG Jian;XING Hongyu;JIANG Xiaofeng;LEI Xia(Institute for Communicable Disease Prevention and Control,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Comprehensive Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010080,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区综合疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特010080

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2024年第4期372-375,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：“十三五”国家科技重大专项传染病监测技术平台项目(2017ZX10103006-003);医疗卫生科技计划项目(202201173)。

摘　　要：目的了解2016—2020年呼和浩特市5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻的流行病学特征,为完善内蒙古自治区哨点医院监测系统及儿童病毒性腹泻防控提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学法、实时聚合酶链反应及测序法对2016—2020年呼和浩特市病毒性腹泻哨点医院确诊病例进行分析及病原检测。结果采集2016—2020年呼和浩特市5岁以下儿童因腹泻住院病例的粪便标本1348份,阳性标本557份,阳性率为41.32%,男女比例为1.45∶1。主要病原体为轮状病毒(Rotavirus,RV)和诺如病毒(Norovirus,NV),其次为札如病毒(Sapovirus,SV)、肠道腺病毒(enteric Adenovirus,EAdV)和星状病毒(Astrovirus,AstV),不同类型病毒感染的核酸阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=760.86,P<0.05)。RV、NV和SV引起的病毒性腹泻发病高峰的年龄为0~<36月龄。RV和NV的感染高峰主要在10~12月和2~4月,SV和EAdV感染的高峰主要在2~4月和8~10月,AstV感染的高发季节为12月。结论呼和浩特市引起婴幼儿腹泻的病毒以NV为主,其次为RV,混合感染以RV合并NV为主,NV以GⅡ.3型和GⅡ.4型为主,RV以G9型和P8型为主。3岁以下儿童是病毒性腹泻的易感人群,冬春季为病毒感染的高峰季节。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea in children under 5 years old in Hohhot from 2016 to 2020,so as to provide a basis for improving the sentinel hospital surveillance system and the prevention and control of viral diarrhea in children in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods The description epidemiology method,real-time polymerase chain reaction and sequencing method were used to analyze the confirmed cases of viral diarrhea in the sentinel hospital of Hohhot from 2016 to 2020 and to detect the pathogens.Results From 2016 to 2020,fecal specimen samples of 1348 hospitalized children under the age of 5 in Hohhot due to diarrhea were collected.Of these samples,557 tested positive,resulting in a positivity rate of 41.32%.The male-to-female ratio was 1.45∶1.The primary pathogens identified were Rotavirus(RV)and Norovirus(NV)followed by Sapovirus(SV),enteric Adenovirus(EAdV),and Astrovirus(AstV).There was a statistically significant difference in nucleic acid positivity rates among different types of viral infections(χ^(2)=760.86,P<0.05).The age of peak incidence of viral diarrhea caused by RV,NV,and SV was 0-<36 months of age.The peak seasons for RV and NV infections were observed from October to December and February to April,while SV and EAdV infections peaked from February to April and August to October.The high season for AstV infection was December.Conclusion In Hohhot,NV is identified as the primary virus causing infant diarrhea,followed by RV.Mixed infections are predominantly composed of RV combined with NV.Specifically,NV infections are mainly associated with types of GII.3 and GII.4,while RVs infections are mainly linked to types of G9 and P8.Children under the age of 3 are susceptible to viral diarrhea,with the peak of infections occurring during the winter and spring seasons.

关 键 词：病毒性腹泻 儿童 流行病学分析 诺如病毒 轮状病毒 

分 类 号：R442.2[医药卫生—诊断学]