再生水与黄河水轮灌对向日葵生长及土壤环境的影响  

Influence of Reclaimed Water Alternate Irrigation with Yellow River Water to Sunflower Growth and Soil Environment

作　　者：李金刚 陈菁[1] 黄永平[2] 贺一凡 孙浩[4] LI Jin-gang;CHEN Jing;HUANG Yong-ping;HE Yi-fan;SUN Hao(College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu Provicne,China;Bayannaoer Institute of Water Conservancy Science,Bayannaoer 015000,Inner Mongolia,China;Forestry College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,Inner Mongolia,China;Jiangsu Rural Water Conservancy Science and Technology Development Center,Nanjing 210029,Jiangsu Provicne,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,江苏南京211100 [2]巴彦淖尔市水利科学研究所,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000 [3]内蒙古农业大学林学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [4]江苏省农村水利科技发展中心,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第6期156-165,173,共11页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(52309046);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(B230201053);河南省黄河流域水资源节约集约利用重点实验室开放研究基金资助项目(HAKF202102)。

摘　　要：为探究河套灌区适宜的再生水灌溉向日葵模式,针对向日葵关键生育阶段(出苗—现蕾期、现蕾—灌浆期、灌浆—蜡熟期)设置T1(HHH)、T2(HZZ)、T3(ZHZ)、T4(ZZH)、T5(ZZZ)共计5组黄河水(H)与再生水(Z)灌溉方式,结合膜下滴灌技术开展连续两年野外大田试验,结果表明,各试验处理黄河水灌溉量服从T5<T2<T4<T3<T1,反之,再生水灌溉量服从T1<T3<T4<T2<T5;再生水与黄河水轮灌对膜内和膜外0~40 cm土壤pH无显著性影响;再生水灌溉水量越高,膜内土壤含盐量变化幅度、土壤及籽粒中典型重金属元素含量越大;T2处理对应轮灌方式相对其他灌溉方式更有利于促进向日葵生长、增加籽粒产量、提高籽粒粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量;然而T3处理对应土壤及籽粒中砷、铅、镉、铬含量相对其他试验处理更低,且相对T1处理节约黄河水量100~120 mm,籽粒产量、生物量、籽粒粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量则分别提高了4.34%~7.19%、6.20%~6.68%、9.25%~20.50%、7.39%~13.37%;短期再生水灌溉不会导致向日葵籽粒和收后0~100 cm土体中的典型重金属元素含量超标。以节水控盐、增产提质为目标,推荐T3处理对应轮灌方式为河套灌区向日葵生育期内适宜的再生水灌溉方式,该研究结果可为内蒙古河套灌区再生水安全高效灌溉向日葵提供理论指导。To explore the suitable mode of reclaimed water irrigation for sunflower in Hetao Irrigation District,this paper set up five groups of Yellow River water(H),which included T1(HHH),T2(HZZ),T3(ZHZ),T4(ZZH)and T5(ZZZ),and reclaimed water(Z)irrigation modes for the key growth stages of sunflower(emergence-squaring stage,squaring-filling stage and filling-waxy stage),and the mulched drip irrigation technology was applied to carry out the two consecutive years field experiment.The results showed that,the Yellow River water amount applied for treatments followed T5<T2<T4<T3<T1,while the reclaimed water amount applied for treatments followed T1<T3<T4<T2<T5.The reclaimed water and Yellow River water irrigation had no significant effect on the 0~40 cm soil pH inside and outside the film.The higher of the reclaimed water irrigation quota,the greater of the soil salinity variation inside the film,and the content of typical heavy metal elements in soil and grains.The corresponding alternate irrigation mode of T2 treatment was more conducive to promoting the growth of sunflower,increasing grain yield,and increasing the content of crude protein and crude fat in grains than other irrigation methods;However,the contents of arsenic,lead,cadmium and chromium in soil and grain of T3 treatment were lower than other treatments.Compared with T1 treatment,the Yellow River water applied amount was saved by 100~120 mm,and the grain yield,biomass,crude protein and crude fat content of grain were increased by 4.34%~7.19%,6.20%~6.68%,9.25%~20.50% and 7.39%~13.37%,respectively.Shortterm reclaimed water irrigation will not lead to the excessive content of heavy metal elements in sunflower grains and 0~100 cm soil after sunflower harvest.In order to save water and control salt,increase production and improve quality,this paper suggests that the corresponding alternate irrigation mode of T3 treatment is the suitable reclaimed water irrigation mode during sunflower growth period in Hetao Irrigation District.The results of this study can provide t

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 负压计 花盘径 生物量 籽粒品质 

分 类 号：S287[农业科学—农业水土工程] S275[农业科学—农业工程]