农业高质量发展背景下的新型肥料发展  

Development of New-type Fertilizers under the Background of High-quality Development of Agriculture

作　　者：李娟[1] 王亚静[1] 杨相东[1] 刘艳鹏 赵冬梅 岳继生 LI Juan;WANG Yajing;YANG Xiangdong;LIU Yanpeng;ZHAO Dongmei;YUE Jisheng(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Data Science and Agricultural Economics,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Xinjiang Huier Agricultural Group Co.,Ltd.,Changji 831100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081 [2]北京市农林科学院数据科学与农业经济研究所,北京100097 [3]新疆慧尔农业集团股份有限公司,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《蔬菜》2024年第6期1-13,共13页Vegetables

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32372819);国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1700605);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132023005);2022年度新疆维吾尔自治区“天池英才”引进计划(新人社函[2023]40号)。

摘　　要：新型肥料因具有肥效更高、使用方便、省时省工、绿色环保等特点,深受市场青睐。农业高质量发展背景下,化肥减量增效的推行促使肥料产品及其配套施肥技术不断创新,新型肥料行业呈现产业规模不断扩大、行业内部竞争激烈、生产集中度持续上升等特点。为详细了解新型肥料产品,促进行业健康发展,总结了缓/控释肥料、水溶性肥料、土壤调理剂、增效肥料、微生物肥料5大类新型肥料及其创制技术,以及测土配方施肥、水肥一体化、智能化精准推荐施肥、轻简化施肥技术4种高效施肥技术及其应用情况;并分析了新型肥料产业存在的问题,如产品种类多、市场混乱,准入门槛低、产品质量参差不齐,关键技术薄弱、创新力度不足等;同时提出了以农业需求为导向,提高产业技术水平;以绿色低碳为目标,提升技术工艺体系;以专业化服务为方向,建立高素质从业人员队伍;以完善肥料监管体系为抓手,促进行业良性发展;以保证产品质量安全为重点,提高市场竞争力等发展建议。New-type fertilizers are favored by the market because of their higher fertilizer efficiency,convenient to use,time-saving and labor-saving,and green and environmentally friendly.Under the background of high-quality development of agriculture,the implementation of chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase has promoted continuous innovation of fertilizer products and supporting fertilization technologies.The new-type fertilizer industry presents the characteristics of continuous expansion of industrial scale,fierce competition within the industry and continuous increase in production concentration.In order to understand the new-type fertilizer products in detail and promote the healthy development of the industry,five categories of new-type fertilizers and their creation technologies,including slow/controlled release fertilizers,water-soluble fertilizers,soil conditioners,synergistic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers,as well as four high-efficiency fertilization technologies and their applications,including soil testing formula fertilization,water and fertilizer integration,intelligent and precise recommendation fertilization,and light simplified fertilization technology were summarized.The problems existing in the new-type fertilizer industry were pointed out,such as diverse product categories and chaotic markets,low entry barriers and uneven product quality,weak key technologies and insufficient innovation and so on.At the same time,the development suggestions were proposed,including improving the level of industrial technology guided by agricultural needs,improving the technological process system by aiming at green and low carbon,establishing a team of high-quality practitioners by taking professional services as the direction,improving the fertilizer supervision system as the starting point to promote the healthy development of the industry,and focusing on ensuring product quality and safety to improve market competitiveness and so on.

关 键 词：新型肥料 产业 现状 问题 建议 

分 类 号：S14[农业科学—肥料学]