小果型西瓜早春集约化育苗高效嫁接技术  

Efficient Grafting Technologies for Intensive Seedling Production of Small Fruit Watermelon in Early Spring

作　　者：江姣 靳凯业 贾文红 于琪 崔广禄 潘林 李婵 董帅 芦金生 哈雪姣 JIANG Jiao;JIN Kaiye;JIA Wenhong;YU Qi;CUI Guanglu;PAN Lin;LI Chan;DONG Shuai;LU Jinsheng;HA Xuejiao(Beijing Daxing District Planting Technology Extension Station,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市大兴区种植业技术推广站,北京102600

出　　处：《蔬菜》2024年第6期78-81,共4页Vegetables

基　　金：国家西甜瓜产业技术体系专项基金资助项目(CARS-25)。

摘　　要：西瓜苗嫁接技术直接影响西瓜生产与果实品质。为了提高早春低温情况下西瓜集约化育苗嫁接的综合技术水平,提高优质种苗的产出率,从良种选择、基质处理、播种、大苗贴接、愈合管理、苗期病害防治等嫁接关键技术环节,以及壮苗标准、嫁接苗包装运输等方面介绍了小果型西瓜早春高效嫁接技术,技术集成了定向播种、干籽直播种子消毒处理、大苗贴接、补光增温等关键环节技术,可实现嫁接效率提高400%,整齐度提升10%,壮苗率提升28%,嫁接成活率由80%提高至95%以上。Grafting technology of seedlings directly affects watermelon production and fruit quality.In order to improve the comprehensive technical level of intensive seedling production by grafting of watermelon under low temperature conditions in early spring,and to improve the output ratio of high-quality seedlings,the efficient grafting technologies of small fruit watermelon in early spring were introduced from the aspects of key technologies of grafting such as selection of improved varieties,treatment of substrate,sowing,grafting of long-aged seedlings,healing management,prevention and control of seedling diseases,strong seedling standards,and grafting seedling packaging and transportation.Key technologies such as directional seeding,dry seed direct seeding and disinfection,long-aged seedling grafting,light and temperature supplementation were integrated,which could achieve an increase in grafting efficiency of 400%,an increase in uniformity of 10%,an increase in strong seedling rate of 28%,and an increase in grafting survival rate from 80%to more than 95%.

关 键 词：西瓜 小果型 嫁接 育苗 集约化 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]