土壤源Penicillium ludwigii X-16的筛选鉴定及其有机-无机氮源利用特征  

Screening and identification of a soil-derived strain Penicillium ludwigii X-16 and its organic and inorganic nitrogen utilization characteristics

作　　者：刘欣 刘冉 苏怡睿 姜允斌 邓欢 张银萍 韩成[1,2] 钟文辉 LIU Xin;LIU Ran;SU Yirui;JIANG Yunbin;DENG Huan;ZHANG Yinping;HAN Cheng;ZHONG Wenhui(School of Geography Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Environment,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Center for Analysis and Testing,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023 [2]江苏省物质循环与污染控制重点实验室,南京210023 [3]南京师范大学环境学院,南京210023 [4]南京师范大学分析测试中心,南京210023

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2024年第2期301-308,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42077033,42277287)资助。

摘　　要：将除作物吸收氮外的化学氮肥尽可能固持在土壤中,有助于提升化学氮肥利用率、减少化学氮肥施用量及降低环境氮素污染.以无机氮作为唯一氮源进行富集培养,从酸性旱地红壤中分离筛选出一株无机氮固持真菌菌株X-16,经菌株形态观测及真菌ITS基因同源性分析,鉴定为路德维希青霉菌(Penicillium ludwigii).进一步监测菌株在不同有机或无机氮源液体培养基中的生长状况,发现菌株X-16能利用无机氮源、氨基酸氮源和复杂有机氮源(玉米醇溶蛋白)进行生长,尤其偏爱利用复杂有机氮源.X-16在玉米醇溶蛋白氮源处理下产生了最大的微生物生物量(1.93±0.50 g/L)、最高的无机氮固持速率(0.57±0.10 mg L^(-1)h^(-1))和有机氮矿化速率(0.57±0.13 mg L^(-1)h^(-1)).相比于不接种处理,接种菌株X-16显著提升土壤化学氮肥固持速率,提升量为0.78±0.06 mg kg^(-1)d^(-1),提升幅度达492%.本研究从酸性旱地红壤中筛选出优势无机氮固持真菌菌株,该菌株能有效提升土壤无机氮固持能力,而且能将复杂有机氮源矿化后再利用,可为化肥源无机氮素固持研究及土壤源有机氮素释放研究提供理论依据和菌种资源.(图6参58)Chemical nitrogen fertilizer retention in the soil,except for the nitrogen absorbed by crops,helps to improve the use efficiency of chemical nitrogen fertilizer,reduce the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer,and reduce environmental nitrogen pollution.In this study,inorganic nitrogen was used as the sole nitrogen source for the enrichment culture,and the inorganic nitrogen-immobilizing fungus strain X-16 was isolated and screened from acidic upland red soils.After morphological observations and ITS gene homology analysis,strain X-16 was identified as Penicillium ludwigii.After monitoring the growth of the strain in a liquid medium with different organic and inorganic nitrogen sources strain X-16 was observed to be able to use inorganic nitrogen,amino acid nitrogen,and complex organic nitrogen(zein protein)for growth,especially complex organic nitrogen.Among all strains,X-16 achieved the highest microbial biomass(1.93±0.50 g L-1),inorganic nitrogen immobilization rate(0.57±0.10 mg L^(-1) h^(-1)),and organic nitrogen mineralization rate(0.57±0.13 mg L^(-1) h^(-1))when treated with zein-protein.Compared to that of the uninoculated control,inoculation with X-16 significantly increased the soil immobilization rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by 492%.This translates to an increase of 0.78±0.06 mg kg^(-1) d^(-1).In this study,a dominant inorganic nitrogen immobilization fungal strain was screened from acidic upland red soils.This strain had solid inorganic nitrogen assimilation ability.It could mineralize complex organic nitrogen sources into ammonium,providing a theoretical basis and strain resources for inorganic nitrogen fixation of fertilizers and organic nitrogen release studies of soil sources.

关 键 词：青霉菌属 氮源 化学氮肥 无机氮固持 有机氮矿化 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]