13个杂交水稻亲本产量性状基因等位变异  

Allelevariationofyyield trait genes in 13 hybrid rice parents

作　　者：蒋平 胡运高[1] 高方远[2,3] 吕建群 刘松[2,3] 郭鸿鸣 刘利平 任国胜 苏相文 任明鑫 任光俊[2] 任鄄胜[2] JIANG Ping;HU Yungao;GAO Fangyuan;LÜJianqun;LIU Song;GUO Hongming;LIU Liping;REN Guosheng;SU Xiangwen;REN Mingxin;REN Guangjun;REN Juansheng(School of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621002,China;Crop Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science,Chengdu 610066,China;Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,绵阳621002 [2]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,成都610066 [3]粮油作物绿色种质创新与遗传改良四川省重点实验室,成都610066

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2024年第2期367-376,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：四川省“十四五”生物育种重大科技专项(2022ZDZX0012);成都市重点研发支撑计划(2021-YF09-00065-SN);国家水稻产业技术体系项目(CARS-01);主要农作物核心种质资源测序及精准鉴定评价项目资助。

摘　　要：提高水稻单产是增加粮食产量的重要技术途径.解析杂交水稻亲本产量性状形成的分子基础,有助于优异等位基因聚合和亲本重要性状的改良,从而进一步培育强杂种优势水稻新品种.利用二代基因组测序技术,对新育成的13个杂交水稻亲本(5个不育系,8个恢复系)进行深度基因组重测序.通过对已克隆产量性状基因的模糊性检索,获得13个亲本产量性状基因的16180个变异位点,涉及产量性状基因404个.通过基因型–表型关联分析,取P≤6.18×10^(–8)(0.001/16180=6.18×10^(–8)),有7个性状与107个基因的1459个变异位点极显著性相关联,其中有外显子区域变异位点的基因33个.依据加性效应和显性效应P值,取P值为6.18×10^(–8),有极显著加性效应变异位点444个,关联45个基因,分别控制千粒重、株高、穗长、粒长、粒长宽比;其中22个位点关联两个性状,涉及9个基因、3个性状.极显著显性效应变异位点784个,关联41个基因,控制单株产量、抽穗期和株高;其中47个位点在两个性状上均表现显性效应,涉及5个基因、2个性状.加性和显性效应都不显著的变异位点有216个,关联42个基因,关联性状有抽穗期和株高.依据表型均值及外显子变异位点的关联性,筛选出36个优异等位变异,其中多个优异等位变异呈现恢复系和不育系分化.上述结果表明不同的优异等位变异组合是造成杂种F1产量差异的重要原因,为产量性状的分子改良提供了理论参考和相关基因资源.(图6表3参51)Increasing the rice yield per unit area is an important technical method for enhancing grain yield.Analyzing the molecular basis of yield traits is helpful for pyramiding superior alleles and improving traits for parents,which is beneficial for developing hybrid rice varieties with strong heterosis.In this study,the genomes of 13 newly bred parents(five male-sterile lines and eight restorers)were sequenced using second-generation genome sequencing technology.Ten yield traits of 13 parents and their F1 were investigated.Superior alleles related to yield traits and the combination of superior alleles in 13 parents and their F1 were analyzed using genotype-phenotype association analysis.Results showed that through a fuzzy search of the cloned yieldassociated genes,16180 polymorphic loci were identified among the 13 parental genomes,which included 404 yield-associated genes.When P≤6.18×10^(–8)(0.001/16180=6.18×10^(–8)),seven yield traits were considered to be significantly associated with 1459 polymorphic sites of 107 genes,including 33 genes with polymorphic sites in their exon regions.When the level of P value was≤6.18×10^(–8)in additive effect or dominant effect,there were 444 polymorphic loci with extremely significant additive effects associated with 45 genes that controlled the 1000-grain weight,plant height,panicle length,grain length,and grain length/width ratio.Among these,22 polymorphic loci controlled both yield traits,including nine genes and three traits.There were 784 polymorphic loci with highly significant dominant effects associated with 41 genes that controlled the grain yield per plant,days to heading,and plant height.Of these,47 polymorphic loci were dominant in both traits,including five genes and two traits.A total of 216 polymorphic loci were not significantly additive or dominant loci,involving 42 genes associated with days to heading and plant height.Based on the mean phenotype and exon polymorphic sites of the associated genes,36 superior alleles were distinguished,and some supe

关 键 词：产量性状 分子基础 基因组重测序 杂交水稻 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]