纤维含量对汽车内饰用夹层结构植物纤维增强PP复合材料性能的影响  

Effects of Fiber Mass Fractions on the Properties of Plant-Fiber-Reinforced PP Composites with Sandwich Structures for Automotive Interiors

作　　者：苑之童 李寅萱 李明鹏 李昊远 程海涛 YUAN Zhitong;LI Yinxuan;LI Mingpeng;LI Haoyuan;CHENG Haitao(Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology,International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102,China)

机构地区：[1]国际竹藤中心竹藤科学与技术重点实验室,北京100102

出　　处：《塑料工业》2024年第5期140-146,共7页China Plastics Industry

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2200903);国家自然科学基金项目(32101607)。

摘　　要：分别以竹纤维(BF)/聚丙烯(PP)复合板、麻纤维(JF)/PP复合板为表层,聚氨酯(PUR)泡沫为芯层,经热压成型制备夹层结构植物纤维/PP复合材料,通过万能力学试验机、导热系数测定仪和驻波管吸声系数测试系统对不同纤维质量分数的夹层结构复合材料进行性能测试及表征。结果表明,PUR夹层结构BF/PP复合材料的力学性能与PUR夹层结构JF/PP复合材料接近,其导热系数≤0.044 W/(m·K),吸声性能良好,燃烧速度≤20.28 mm/min,满足主机厂对汽车内饰构件用材料的要求,且当植物纤维质量分数为40%时,PUR夹层结构植物纤维/PP复合材料的综合性能最佳。Bamboo fiber(BF)/polypropylene(PP)composite boards and bast fiber(JF)/PP composite boards were used as the surface layers,polyurethane(PUR)foams were used as the core layers,the plant fiber/PP composites with sandwich structures were prepared by hot press processing.The properties of these composites with different fiber mass fractions were tested and characterized by a universal mechanical testing machine,a thermal conductivity tester and a sound absorption coefficient tester with standing wave tube.The results show that the mechanical properties of BF/PP composites with PUR sandwich structures are similar to those of JF/PP composites with PUR sandwich structures,their thermal conductivities are no more than 0.044 W/(m·K),their sound absorption performances are great,and their combustion speeds are no more than 20.28 mm/min,all the parameters satisfy the requirements of car makers for materials used in automotive interior components.Moreover,when the mass fraction of plant fiber is 40%,the plant fiber/PP composite with a PUR sandwich structure has the best comprehensive performances.

关 键 词：植物纤维 夹层结构 复合材料 纤维质量分数 聚丙烯 聚氨酯泡沫 汽车内饰构件 

分 类 号：TQ327[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]