长江江滩堤防工程中钉螺控制措施的实施效果  

Implementation effect of Oncomelania snail control measures in the Yangtze River marshland embankment project

作　　者：王帅 匡义波 曹毅军 万燕 左玉婷 李洋[1] 罗华堂[1] WANG Shuai;KUANG Yibo;CAO Yijun;WAN Yan;ZUO Yuting;LI Yang;LUO Huatang(Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhan,Hubei 430022,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]武汉市疾病预防控制中心,湖北武汉430022 [2]武汉市江夏区血吸虫病防治所

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2024年第6期584-587,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：湖北省卫健委联合项目(WJ2019H399);武汉市卫健委青年项目(WG19Q02)。

摘　　要：目的研究武汉市长江江滩堤防工程中钉螺控制措施实施后的灭螺效果,为长江江滩钉螺综合治理提供参考。方法在长江江夏段堤防工程建设中结合表面清障、药物灭螺、土地平整、填旧开新、植树抑螺等钉螺控制措施,对江滩有螺环境进行改造治理。采用系统抽样法,分别于2021年4月(工程前)、2022年4月(工程1年后)开展两次钉螺调查。采用χ^(2)检验比较工程前后平均有螺框出现率和平均活螺率,采用Wilcoxon符号秩和检验(signed-rank test)比较活螺密度。结果长江江夏段堤防灭螺联合工程总长度为13120m,总面积为60.85m^(2)×104.00m^(2)。江滩堤防灭螺工程建设1年后,平均有螺框出现率下降了51.29%(χ^(2)=24.139,P<0.001)、活螺密度减少了73.86%(Z=-2.366,P=0.018)、平均活螺率均下降了11.84%(χ^(2)=26.556,P<0.001)。结论堤防工程中结合钉螺控制综合措施,能降低长江滩有螺环境的活螺密度,具有显著的抑螺效果。Objective To study the Oncomelania snail eradication effect after the implementation of snail control measures in the Yangtze River marshland embankment project in Wuhan City,and to provide a reference for the comprehensive management of Oncomelania snail in the Yangtze River marshland.Methods In the construction of the embankment project in the Jiangxia section of the Yangtze River,Oncomelania snail control measures,including surface obstacles removal,molluscicidal treatment,land leveling,land reclamation,and afforestation to inhibit Oncomelania snail,were combined to transform and govern the snailinfested environment in marshland.Using the systematic sampling method,two Oncomelania snail surveys were conducted in April 2021(before the project)and April 2022(one year after the project).The Chi-square test was used to compare the average occurrence rate of snail frame,and the average rate of living snails before and after the embankment project.Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to compare the density of living snails.Results The total length of the joint embankment and snail control project in the Jiangxia section of the Yangtze River was 13120m,and the total area was 60.85m^(2)×104.00m^(2).One year after the construction of the river marshland embankment snail control project,the average occurrence rate of snail frame decreased by 51.29%(χ^(2)=24.139,P<0.001),the density of living snails reduced by 73.86%(Z=-2.366,P=0.018),and the average rate of living snails decreased by 11.84%(χ^(2)=26.556,P<0.001).Conclusion The embankment project combined with snail control integrated measures can reduce the density of living snails in the snail-infested environment of the Yangtze River marshland,demonstrating a significant control effect on snails.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 长江 堤防工程 钉螺 江滩 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]