2009—2021年石家庄市重症手足口病流行特征及病原学特征分析  

Analysis of the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of severe hand-foot-mouth disease in Shijiazhuang City from 2009 to 2021

作　　者：万丽[1] 陈慧英[1] 李秀娟[1] 张玉兰[1] 刘立[1] 史艳[1] WAN Li;CHEN Huiying;LI Xiujuan;ZHANG Yulan;LIU Li;SHI Yan(Shijiazhuang Center for Diseases Control and Prevention,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050011,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄市疾病预防控制中心,河北石家庄050011

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2024年第5期471-474,479,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：河北省2022年度医学科学研究课题计划——石家庄市肠道传染病流行特征及预警预测方法研究(20221692)。

摘　　要：目的了解石家庄市重症手足口病流行特征及病原学特征,为手足口病防控提供科学依据。方法收集石家庄市2009—2021年重症手足口病疫情资料和病原学资料,应用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果2009—2021年石家庄市累计报告重症手足口病病例606例,占报告病例总数的0.52%,重症发病率呈下降趋势。发病高峰4~7月(84.49%)。农村重症手足口病的发病率和比例均高于市区(χ^(2)=308.53、62.46,P<0.001)。3岁及以下儿童重症比例为91.08%。3.30%的病例在发病当天就诊。86.47%的病例由省市级医疗机构诊断并报告。肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus 71,EV 71)报告病例数最多,构成比为82.77%。结论石家庄市重症手足口病发病率呈下降趋势,人群、季节、地区特征明显,病原体以EV 71为主。应继续加强病原学监测、提高EV 71疫苗接种率、重视农村地区3岁及以下儿童及家长的健康教育、提高基层医疗机构的诊疗能力,以降低重症手足口病的发病率。Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of severe hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in Shijiazhuang City,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD.Methods Epidemiological and etiological data of severe HFMD cases in Shijiazhuang City from 2009 to 2021 were collected and analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results From 2009 to 2021,a total of 606 severe HFMD cases were reported in Shijiazhuang City,accounting for 0.52%of all reported severe cases,with a declining trend in the incidence rate of severe cases.The peak incidence was from April to July(84.49%).The incidence and proportion of severe HFMD in rural districts were higher than those in urban areas(χ^(2)=308.53,62.46,P<0.001).Children aged 3 and below accounted for 91.08%of severe cases,3.30%of cases sought medical treatment on the day of onset of illness,86.47%of cases were diagnosed and reported by provincial and municipal medical institutions.The number of reported cases of Enterovirus 71(EV 71)were the highest,proportion was 82.77%.Conclusion The incidence rate of severe HFMD in Shijiazhuang shows a decreasing trend,with obvious characteristics among population,season and district,and the main pathogen is EV 71.We should continue to strengthen etiological surveillance,increase the vaccination rate of EV 71,emphasize health education in rural areas for children aged 3 and below and their parents,and improve the diagnosis and treatment capacity of grass-roots medical institutions to reduce the incidence of severe HFMD.

关 键 词：重症手足口病 流行特征 病原学特征 肠道病毒71型 其他肠道病毒 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]