2020—2021年承德市生活饮用水中氟化物检测结果分析  

Analysis of fluoride testing results in Chengde drinking water from 2020 to 2021

作　　者：杨欢欢 王占辉[1,2] 李依霖 李彩云 吴艳玲[1,2] 董玉 YANG Huanhuan;WANG Zhanhui;LI Yilin;LI Caiyun;WU Yanling;DONG Yu(Division of Nutrition and Food Safety,Chengde Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengde,Hebei 067000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]承德市疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全科,河北承德067000 [2]河北省生活饮用水安全检测技术创新中心 [3]唐山劳动技师学院

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2024年第5期517-520,F0003,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：国家可持续发展议程创新示范区专项科技计划(2021205B007);河北省教育厅青年拔尖人才项目(BJ2020024)。

摘　　要：目的了解承德市生活饮用水中氟化物含量合格情况和变化趋势,为保障居民健康和优化水厂的水处理工艺等研究提供科学依据。方法2020—2021年对承德市监测点在枯水期和丰水期进行样品采集检测,并从不同年份、水期类型、水源类型、处理方法、水源深度、供水方式对氟化物合格率进行比较分析。水样的采集、保存、运输及检测过程严格依据国家标准进行。采用占比对分类变量进行描述,采用χ^(2)检验、Fisher确切概率法进行组间比较。对不同年份的水中氟化物浓度指标通过K-S(Kolmogorov-Smirnov)检测方法分析是否呈正态分布。结果2020—2021年承德市共检测2386份水样,氟化物整体合格率为98.91%,浓度为0.10~6.47mg/L,中位数为0.34mg/L。K-S检测显示,超标值分布属于非正态分布。χ^(2)检验显示,不同年份水样氟化物合格率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.598,P=0.006),呈上升趋势;2020—2021年承德市枯水期和丰水期的氟化物合格率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.622,P=0.430)。Fisher确切概率法显示,地下水的氟化物合格率低于地表水(P=1.000);不同处理方式的水质,氟化物合格率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.391,P=0.495);经消毒处理的水氟化物合格率最低,为98.58%;不同水源深度水的氟化物合格率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=97.542,P<0.001),泉水的氟化物合格率最低,为90.00%;不同供水方式的水质,氟化物合格率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.591,P=0.108),城市自建设施供水的氟化物合格率最低,为98.44%。结论承德市水质氟化物合格率较高,改水降氟工程取得了一定成效,建议继续实施有效降氟措施,以水源地选择和提高水处理技术为重点,切实保障饮水安全。Objective To understand the qualified situation and change trend of fluoride content in drinking water in Chengde,so as to provide a scientific foundation for safeguarding residents'health and optimizing water treatment processes in water plants.Methods Samples were collected and tested at Chengde's monitoring sites during dry and wet seasons from 2020 to 2021.The fluoride qualified rates were compared and analyzed based on different years,water period types,water source types,treatment methods,water source depths,and water supply methods.The collection,storage,transportation,and detection of water samples adhered strictly to national standards.Categorical variables were described using proportions,and comparison between groups were conducted using the Chi-square test and Fisher exact probability method.The concentration of fluoride in water across different years was assessed for normal distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S)test method.Results From 2020 to 2021,a total of 2386 water samples were tested in Chengde,with an overall fluoride qualified rate of 98.91%.The fluoride concentration ranged from 0.10 to 6.47mg/L,with a median of 0.34mg/L.The K-S test indicated a non-normal distribution of superscalar.Chi-square test results revealed a statistically significant difference in fluoride qualified rates for water samples from different years(χ^(2)=7.598,P=0.006),showing an increasing trend.There was no statistically significant difference in fluoride qualified rates between dry and wet seasons(χ^(2)=0.622,P=0.430)from 2020 to 2021.Fisher exact probability method indicated that groundwater fluoride qualified rates were lower than surface water(P=1.000).No statistically significant difference was found in fluoride qualified rates among different water treatment methods(χ^(2)=2.391,P=0.495).The lowest fluoride qualified rate was observed in water after disinfection treatment at 98.58%.There was a statistically significant difference in fluoride qualified rates based on water source depth(χ^(2)=97.542,P<

关 键 词：生活饮用水 氟化物 监测分析 枯水期 丰水期 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]