不同混播组合对松嫩平原盐碱化草地土壤理化性质和植物群落的影响  

Effects of Different Mixed Sowing Combinations on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Vegetation Community of Saline-alkali Grassland in Songnen Plain

作　　者：于森 辛丹丹 苏一诺 孙雪 王贺 邹岩 YU Sen;XIN Dandan;SU Yinuo;SUN Xue;WANG He;ZOU Yan(Forestry and Grassland Workstation of Qiqihar City,Qiqihar161000,China;Green Food Development Center of Qiqihar City,Qiqihar161000,China)

机构地区：[1]齐齐哈尔市林业和草原工作站,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161000 [2]齐齐哈尔市绿色食品发展中心,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161000

出　　处：《畜牧与饲料科学》2024年第3期50-57,共8页Animal Husbandry and Feed Science

基　　金：齐齐哈尔市科技计划创新激励项目(CSFGG-2022002)。

摘　　要：[目的]筛选出适宜在松嫩平原盐碱化草地补播的混播草种组合。[方法]选取黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市境内的盐碱化草地为试验地,以松嫩平原广泛分布的耐盐碱牧草野大麦为主要补播草种,设置野大麦与4种松嫩平原本土耐盐碱牧草星星草、披碱草、羊草、拂子茅混播处理,同时设置野大麦单播处理。4个混播处理中,野大麦播种量为30 kg/hm^(2),其他草种播种量均为15 kg/hm^(2);野大麦单播处理中,播种量为45 kg/hm^(2)。以上每个处理3次重复,每个重复1个小区,以不补播作为对照(CK,1个小区),共设置16个小区,每个小区面积约0.4 hm^(2)。在尽量不破坏原生植被的条件下,于2021年采用免耕补播的方式对各试验小区进行补播,从补播第2年开始连续2年测定各试验小区的土壤容重、pH值、含盐量(电导率)、有机质含量、碱解氮含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量等理化性质指标和植被群落重要值。[结果]补播第2年(2022年),与CK相比,各混播处理和野大麦单播处理的土壤容重、pH值、电导率均不同程度降低,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均不同程度升高。与补播第2年相比,补播第3年(2023年)各混播处理和野大麦单播处理的土壤容重、pH值、电导率降低,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量升高。补播第3年,5个处理的土壤理化性质均得到了有效改善,土壤容重、pH值、电导率均显著(P<0.05)低于CK,碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均显著(P<0.05)高于CK,有机质含量除野大麦+羊草混播处理外,其他各处理均显著(P<0.05)高于CK;野大麦+羊草混播处理的土壤容重、pH值、电导率在各处理中最低,野大麦+披碱草混播处理的土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量在各处理中最高。与CK相比,补播第2年各混播处理以及野大麦单播处理的禾本科植物与其他杂类草重要值相差不大,野大麦+披碱草�[Objective]This study aimed to screen the suitable mixed sowing combinations of forage grasses for saline-alkali grassland reseeding in Songnen Plain.[Method]The experiment was conducted on the saline-alkali grassland in Qiqihar City,Heilongjiang Province.Hordeum brevisubulatum,a variety of saline-alkali tolerant forage grass widely distributed in Songnen Plain,was used as the dominant forage grass for reseeding.The mixed sowing treatments were set with 4 indigenous varieties of saline-alkali tolerant forage grasses in Songnen Plain,including Puccinellia tenuiflora,Elymus dahuricus,Leymus chinensis and Calamagrostis epigejos.A single sowing treatment with Hordeum brevisubulatum was set as well.In the 4 mixed sowing treatments,the sowing amount of Hordeum brevisubulatum was 30 kg/hm^(2),and that of the other forage grasses was all 15 kg/hm^(2).In the single sowing treatment of Hordeum brevisubulatum,the sowing amount of Hordeum brevisubulatum was 45 kg/hm^(2).Each of the above treatment had 3 reduplicates with 1 plot for each reduplicate.A plot without reseeding(CK)was included.Accordingly,a total of 16 plots were included in this study,and each plot covered an area of around 0.4 hm^(2).Under the condition of minimizing disturbance to the native vegetation,no-tillage reseeding was performed on the experimental plots in 2021.Starting from the second year of reseeding,the soil physical and chemical properties such as bulk density,pH value,salt content(conductivity),organic matter content,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content,available phosphorus content and available potassium content,as well as the important value of vegetation community of the experimental plots were determined for two consecutive years.[Result]In the second year(2022)of reseeding,compared with CK,the soil bulk density,pH value and conductivity of the mixed sowing treatments and the single sowing treatment decreased to varying degrees,while the soil contents of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium

关 键 词：野大麦 混播 补播 盐碱化 重要值 

分 类 号：S545[农业科学—作物学] S156.4S812.8