刘邦、项羽政治策略异同论  

On the Similarities and Differences of Liu Bang’s and Xiang Yu’s Political Strategies

作　　者：薛从军 祝兆源 XUE Congjun;ZHU Zhaoyuan(No 1.Middle School of County Hexian,Hecounty 238200,China;Anhui Hexian Culture Research Association,Hecounty 238200,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽和县第一中学,安徽和县238200 [2]安徽和县文化研究会,安徽和县238200

出　　处：《渭南师范学院学报》2024年第6期51-59,共9页Journal of Weinan Normal University

摘　　要：灭秦之际,刘邦、项羽政治意图相同;楚汉相争时,刘邦、项羽由于政治意图不同而采取的政治策略也不同,其结局自然不同。刘邦政治意图是一统天下,采取了多项政治策略:假怀王,号令诸侯亡楚;借舆论美化自己,丑化对手;用贿赂、反间瓦解项氏骨鲠之臣;用人不问出身品性,故逐步走向胜利。项羽政治意图是为诸侯王的霸主;他能征惯战,但不能借怀王号令天下,也不会造舆论、行诡计,只知道正面交锋;注重项氏人才,非项氏之人才逐渐走失,“有一范增而不能用”;常常中诡计而不醒悟,以致逐渐走向败亡。刘邦、项羽的政治策略异同,是其成败的主要原因,具有借鉴意义。Although with the same political intent to overthrown the rule of Qin Dynasty,Liu Bang and Xiang Yu took different strategies for their own different own intent with different ending.Liu Bang with an aim to unify all of China,took varied political strategies for his eventual victory such as:in the name of King of Huai to ally other regional lords against the State of Chu,skillfully manipulating public opinion by portraying himself positively and vilifying his opponent,Xiang Yu,employing the trickery of bribery and espionage to weaken Xiang Yu’s leadership by alienate the close relation between him and his subjects,appointing his officials based on their abilities rather than their social status.Xiang Yu only sought to establish himself as the powerful ruler among the regional lords with limited political strategies,which seemed destined for his doomed failure,specifically,Xiang Yu was a formidable warrior with a strong military background,however he lacked political finesse;he couldn’t effectively command loyalty from other lords or manipulate public opinion;he prioritized his own family members for key positions,leading to the loss of talented non-family members,even Fan Zheng the most talented adviser;despite often being trapped,he often failed to reflect on his political faults.In summary,Liu Bang’s political wisdom and leadership skills allowed him to repeatedly rise from adversity,while Xiang Yu’s rigid approach and political isolation sealed his fate and so it can be concluded that their different strategies can serve as valuable lessons for us today.

关 键 词：刘邦 项羽 政治意图 政治策略 

分 类 号：K20[历史地理—历史学]