基于端电压尖峰的无刷直流电机无位置传感器换相控制策略  

Sensorless control strategy for brushless direct current motor based on terminal voltage spikes

作　　者：黄文晖 闵华松[1] HUANG Wenhui;MIN Huasong(Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430081,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学机器人智能系统研究院,湖北武汉430081

出　　处：《电机与控制学报》2024年第5期173-182,共10页Electric Machines and Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62073249)。

摘　　要：针对现有的换相误差补偿方法需要额外滤波电路和检测电路导致无传感器换相方法变得更加复杂的问题,提出一种端电压尖峰脉冲换相误差补偿方法,实现了对无刷直流电机无传感器换相误差的准确补偿。研究了抗干扰性强的端电压尖峰脉冲信号的变化特性,得出了端电压尖峰脉冲持续时间是随着换相误差单调变化的结论,并利用端电压尖峰脉冲设计了换相误差闭环控制方法。该方法无需额外的滤波电路和检测电路,简化了换相误差补偿方法的电路设计,并且具备良好的鲁棒性和准确性。搭建了仿真和实际实验平台,对比了补偿前后的换相误差,实验结果表明,所提出方法能够实现准确的换相误差补偿。仿真实验和实际实验中,换相误差分别被控制在了1.1个电角度范围内和4个电角度范围内。在速度调控实验中,补偿后的无传感器方法表现出了和霍尔传感器相似的动态特性。相比于现有方法,提出方法更适合无刷直流电机无传感器方法在高性能电机控制场景的应用。The existing commutation error compensation methods require additional filtering and detection circuits,leading to increased complexity in brushless DC motors(BLDCM)sensorless commutation meth-ods.In response to this issue,a method for compensating commutation errors using terminal voltage spikes(TVS)was proposed,achieving accurate compensation for sensorless commutation errors in BLD-CM.The strong anti-interference characteristics of the TVS signal were investigated and that the duration of the TVS changes monotonically with the commutation error.Furthermore,a closed-loop control method for commutation error compensation was designed based on the duration of the TVS.This method elimi-nates the need for additional filtering and detection circuits,simplifying the circuit design for commutation error compensation while demonstrating good robustness and accuracy.Comparative analysis of phase er-rors before and after compensation was conducted using simulation and practical experimental platforms,with the results showing that the proposed method can achieve accurate commutation error compensation.In both simulation and practical experiments,the phase errors were controlled within a range of 1.1 elec-trical degrees and 4 electrical degrees,respectively.In speed control experiments,the sensorless method after compensation exhibited dynamic characteristics similar to those of Hall sensor-based methods.Com-pared to existing methods,the proposed method is better suitable for the application of BLDCM sensorless methods in high-performance motor control scenarios.

关 键 词：无刷直流电机 六步换相法 无传感器控制 换相误差补偿 端电压尖峰脉冲 闭环控制 

分 类 号：TM351[电气工程—电机]