琼北玛珥火山的结构特征及其对喷发历史和火山灾害的启示  

The morphological characteristics of Qiongbei maars and their implications for eruption history and volcanic hazards

作　　者：何衍鑫 田伟[1] 刘平平 刘建平 崔亚圣 张朝鲲 许鑫[1] HE YanXin;TIAN Wei;LIU PingPing;LIU JianPing;CUI YaSheng;ZHANG ChaoKun;XU Xin(School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;School of Petroleum Engineering,Chongqing University of Science and Technology,Chongqing 401331,China;Hubei Institute of Geosciences,Wuhan 430034,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Eco-Environment Geology,Wuhan 430034,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871 [2]重庆科技大学石油与天然气工程学院,重庆401331 [3]湖北省地质科学研究院,武汉430034 [4]资源与生态环境地质湖北省重点实验室,武汉430034

出　　处：《岩石学报》2024年第7期2103-2121,共19页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42141021);国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0800301);重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1166);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN202201511)联合资助。

摘　　要：作为陆地和海岛上第二常见的火山类型,玛珥火山相关区域内生活着大约10%的世界人口,因此玛珥火山灾害研究具有重要科学意义。琼北地区发育的第四纪玛珥火山,是天然的研究对象。根据琼北地区卫星影像、数字高程模型和实地测量结果,确定了11座玛珥火山的形态学特征。结果表明,琼北地区玛珥火山具圆形、椭圆形和三联点形三类平面形态,其面积0.01~3.42km2,周长0.43~6.64km,平均直径128~2128m,深度8~50m,喷出物体积(致密岩石当量,DRE)共计2.2km^(3),初始岩浆碎屑体积(DRE)共计1.7km^(3),爆炸能量1.2×10^(13)~6.4×10^(16)J,能量转换率则在1%~2%之间。玛珥火山活动可分成三期,第一期杨花岭、儒黄岭和那有岭的火山活动持续了6.35~0.11kyr;第二期陈永岭、石岭、罗经盘、玉墩岭和同类岭的火山活动持续了1.06~0.02kyr;第三期好秀岭、双池岭东岭和西岭的火山活动持续了仅16~0.3yr。石山-永兴一带的区域应力场控制着玛珥火山的拉伸方向。根据最新一期火山爆炸点的侧向迁移轨迹预测下一次爆炸点位于双池岭西岭向西约100~200m处。玛珥火山灾害类型多样,有地震、火山灰云、火山灰空落沉积、基浪涌流、火山弹和火山块喷射、火山泥流、火山气体和身体心理创伤等。喷发情景建模表明琼北火山喷发所产生的火山灰影响区域包括我国海南北部、广东和广西南部、台湾南部,以及越南东部,具体影响范围取决于喷发特征和实时气候。综上所述,我们制定了琼北火山灾害的危险性区划图,并建议对全国火山进行详细形态学调查,建立有代表性的典型案例,作为预测未来火山爆发、预防火山灾害的参考指南。Maars,the second most common type of volcano found on both land and islands,are prevalent in regions inhabited by approximately 10%of the global population.Consequently,the study of maars and their associated hazards exhibits substantial scientific importance.The numerous Quaternary maars in the northern part of Hainan Island offer a natural research subject.Utilizing satellite imagery,digital elevation models and field measurements,we have determined the morphological characteristics of 11 maars in the northern Hainan region.Our findings classify the maars in the northern Hainan into three primary planar shapes,i.e.,circular,elliptical and triangular.These features exhibit variations in areas(ranging in 0.01~3.42km^(2)),perimeters(ranging in 0.43~6.64km),average diameters(ranging in 128~2128m),depths(ranging in 8~50m),estimated total erupted volume(DRE)of 2.2km 3 and juvenile volume(DRE)of 1.7km 3,explosion energies spanning from 1.2×10^(13) J to 6.4×10^(16) J,and energy convention ratio ranging between 1%and 2%.Volcanic activity can be categorized into three distinct periods:the initial period,encompassing Yanghualing,Ruhuangling and Nayouling,spanned from 6.35 to 0.11 thousand years;the subsequent period,which featured Chenyongling,Shiling,Luojingpan,Yudunling and Tongleiling,extended from 1.06 to 0.02 thousand years;and the third(final)phase,characterized by Haoxiuling,Shuangchiling Dongling and Xiling,endured for a brief duration ranging from 16 to 0.3 years.Regional stress in the Shishan-Yongxing area significantly influences the elongation direction of the maars.Based on the lateral migration trajectory,the next eruption is anticipated to occur approximately 100~200m west of Shuangchiling Xiling.Maars exhibit a range of disasters,including earthquakes,ash clouds,ash deposition,base surges,volcanic bomb and block ejection,lahars,volcanic gases and psychological trauma.Eruption scenario modeling indicates that volcanic ash from the northern Qiongbei Volcano will impact northern Hainan,southern Guangdong an

关 键 词：玛珥火山 形态学 喷发历史 火山灾害 爆炸点迁移 琼北地区 

分 类 号：P317[天文地球—固体地球物理学]