抚养权直接执行的理论阐释与实现路径  

Theoretical exposition and implementation paths for direct custody enforcement

作　　者：张友连[1] 赵唯植 ZHANG Youian;ZHAO Weizhi(School of Law,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学法学院,浙江杭州310023

出　　处：《浙江工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期184-190,共7页Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology：Social Sciences

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题(23NDJC086YB)。

摘　　要：抚养权执行难是长期困扰司法实践的难题。《中华人民共和国民事强制执行法(草案)》所创设的抚养权直接执行制度是纾解该难题的关键举措。为保障预期立法目的的实现,应从正当性及可行性上补强理论阐释。在正当性方面,明确抚养权判决系具备执行内容的形成判决。在可行性方面,执行标的为交出子女的行为而非子女人身,直接执行并不侵害被执行人的意志自由。针对抚养权直接执行适用中如何正确考量子女意愿的困境,需要以子女对执行行为本身的认识作为判断是否继续采取直接执行的标准。据此,提出抚养权直接执行的实现路径,即赋予执行机关考量未成年子女意愿的义务;建立有效收集未成年子女真实意愿的机制;明确未成年子女“拒绝意思”的认定标准。The difficulty in enforcing custody rights presents a persistent challenge in judicial practice.The“Direct Custody Enforcement System”,introduced in the draft Civil Compulsory En-forcement Law of the People’s Republic of China,offers a significant solution.This paper asserts the necessity of bolstering theoretical explanations to fulfill the anticipated legislative goals,partic-ularly through enhancing legitimacy and feasibility perspectives.Legitimately,it clarifies that cus-tody judgments inherently possess enforceable content.Feasibly,the enforcement targets the act of transferring the custody rather than the child himself or herself,ensuring no infringement upon the personal freedom of the enforced party.Addressing the challenge of considering the minors’wishes in direct enforcement,the study recommends using their comprehension of the enforcement action as the criterion for continuation.Proposals include obliging enforcement agencies to assess the minors’intentions,developing mechanisms for accurately capturing their genuine desires,and establishing clear standards for recognizing their refusal.

关 键 词：抚养权 直接执行 民事强制执行法草案 未成年人保护 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]