明代皇室崇道与官制道教的发展——以四川绵阳云台观为线索的考察  

The Royal Worship of Taoism and the Development of Official Taoism in the Ming Dynasty:An Investigation Based on Yuntai Taoist Temple in Mianyang City,Sichuan Province

作　　者：王子腾 WANG Ziteng

机构地区：[1]云南大学历史与档案学院

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期126-141,共16页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：明代是中国传统道教发展的分水岭,也是官制道教与国家政治结合最为紧密的时期。由于皇室对道教的大力推崇,官制道教在明朝的发展仍然保持着较大的韧性。四川绵阳云台观是所谓的真武大帝道场,宋元时期开始打造,到明代成为皇家道观。云台观的建筑经历是明代官制道教生存境况的一个缩影。万历皇帝两度遣使颁读御敕、先后赏赐《道藏》、发内帑以培修、赐象笏铁钟等行为促使云台观于万历时代迎来了发展的全盛时期。而藩王作为皇室在地方上的代表,他们对宫观建设的厚礼布施,亦是云台观能够声名远扬的重要推力。明中叶以后皇室对道教的支持力度趋弱,伴着社会转型的大势,皇家宫观开始没落,官制道教逐渐式微,道教朝着民间化与世俗化的方向继续发展。The Ming Dynasty was a watershed in the development of the traditional Taoism,and it was also the period when official Taoism was most closely integrated with national politics.Due to the high respect of Taoism by the royal family in the Ming Dynasty,the development of official Taoism still maintained great tenacity in the Ming Dynasty.Yuntai Taoist Temple in Mianyang,Sichuan Province is the so-called site of enlightenment for Zhenwu,which began to be built during the Song and Yuan dynasties.In the Ming Dynasty,as a royal Taoist temple,the architectural experience of Yuntai Taoist Temple is a microcosm of the living conditions of official Taoism in the Ming Dynasty.Emperor Wanli sent envoys to read imperial edicts twice,awarded Daozang,issued internal funds for cultivation,and granted elephant wat iron bells,which prompted Yuntai temple to usher in a heyday of development in the Wanli era.As the local representative of the royal family,the vassal king's generous donation to the construction of the palace is also an important impetus for the popularity of the Yuntai Temple.After the mid Ming Dynasty,the support of the royal family for Taoism weakened.With the trend of social transformation,royal Taoist temples began to decline,official Taoism gradually declined,and Taoism continued to develop towards“popularization”and“secularation”.

关 键 词：明代皇室 官制道教 绵阳云台观 真武大帝道场 民间化 世俗化 

分 类 号：B959[哲学宗教—宗教学] K248[历史地理—历史学]