降低分散相破碎的低剪切阀技术路线及研发进展  

Technical Route and Research Progress of Low Shear Valve for Reducing Dispersed Phase Breakage

作　　者：宋民航 王子兴 杨宏燕 Song Minhang;Wang Zixing;Yang Hongyan(School of Safety Engineering,North China Institute of Science and Technology,Beijing 101601,China;CNOOC Petrochemical Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Jinan,Shandong 250101,China;College School of Information,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]华北科技学院安全工程学院,北京101601 [2]中海油石化工程有限公司,山东济南250101 [3]北京工业大学信息学部,北京100124

出　　处：《化工设备与管道》2024年第3期94-103,共10页Process Equipment & Piping

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费资助(3142024018);北京市教委科技一般项目(KM202210005025)。

摘　　要：阀门作为应用于石化等行业的关键设备之一,通过调整阀门开度调节液流流量。在多相流分离领域,位于分离器上游的阀门容易造成分散相剪切破碎,形成更加细小的液滴,甚至出现乳化现象,增加了分离难度。文章聚焦于降低分散相破碎的低剪切阀,从影响液滴破碎及最大稳定液滴直径的关键物理因素出发,包括单位质量平均能量耗散率、液流能量耗散体积等,对降低液滴破碎的可行性路径进行总结,具体包括减小流经阀门液流的流场紊乱、增加油滴聚结结构,以及增大液流能量耗散体积。在此基础上,分析了多种典型低剪切阀门的结构特点及实际性能,并总结了低剪切阀的发展趋势,为新型低剪切阀开发及优化设计,以及规模化推广应用提供理论及技术支撑。As one of the key equipment used in petrochemical industry,the valve can adjust the liquid flow by adjusting the opening.In the field of multiphase flow separation,the valve installed at the upstream of the separator is easy to cause shear fracture of dispersed phase,forming more small droplets,or even emulsification,which increases the separation difficulty.This work focuses on the low shear valve to reduce the droplet fragmentation.Starting from the analysis of key physical factors including the mean energy dissipation rate per unit mass and the liquid volume involved in energy dissipation,which affect the droplet fragmentation and the maximum stable droplet diameter,this paper summarizes the feasible paths to reduce the droplet fragmentation,including reducing the flow turbulence inside the valve,increasing the droplet coalescence structure,and increasing the liquid volume involved in energy dissipation.On this basis,the structural characteristics and actual performance of typical low shear valves are analyzed,and the development trends of low shear valves are summarized.The analysis results can provide theoretical and technical support for the development,optimization design,promotion and application of low shear valve.

关 键 词：低剪切阀 结构设计 分散相 剪切破碎 液滴聚结 

分 类 号：TE357.4[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]