不同蔗叶生物炭施用量对甘蔗产量及养分吸收利用的影响  

Effects of different sugarcane leaf biochar application rates on sugarcane yield and nutrient uptake and utilization

作　　者：杨梦乐 彭嘉宇 桂意云[3] 沈小微 唐新莲[1] 黄金生[2] 周柳强[2] 刘昔辉[3] 谭宏伟[2] 区惠平[2] YANG Meng-le;PENG Jia-yu;GUI Yi-yun;SHEN Xiao-wei;TANG Xin-lian;HUANG Jin-sheng;ZHOU Liu-qiang;LIU Xi-hui;TAN Hong-wei;OU Hui-ping(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004,China;Agricultural Resources and Environ‐mental Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China;Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement(Guangxi),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530004 [2]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/广西耕地保育重点实验室,广西南宁530007 [3]广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所/广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室/农业农村部广西甘蔗生物技术与遗传改良重点实验室,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第3期803-811,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1902805);国家自然科学基金项目(32060293);广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB23026084);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2024YP042)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究蔗叶源生物炭不同施用量对甘蔗产量及氮磷钾养分吸收利用的影响,以期为蔗叶生物炭在甘蔗生产中的科学施用及实现养分高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】于2021—2022年开展田间试验和15N同位素示踪桶栽试验,以桂柳05136和桂糖42为供试品种,设CK(对照,不施蔗叶生物炭)、T1(蔗叶生物炭用量2.7 t/ha)、T2(蔗叶生物炭用量5.4 t/ha)和T3(蔗叶生物炭用量10.8 t/ha)4个处理,对比分析不同蔗叶生物炭用量对甘蔗收获期蔗茎和蔗叶产量、氮磷钾养分含量和吸收累积量、氮肥吸收量及氮肥利用率的影响。【结果】与CK相比,施入不同用量的蔗叶生物炭对蔗叶产量无显著影响(P>0.05,下同),但均可不同程度提高甘蔗蔗茎产量,且随蔗叶生物炭施用量增加,蔗茎产量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,在T2处理达最高,且差异达显著水平(P<0.05,下同)。施用蔗叶生物炭,蔗茎与蔗叶氮、磷含量及地上部氮、磷吸收累积量均无显著变化,T2处理显著提高2022年大田试验蔗叶磷吸收累积量及桶栽试验蔗茎氮、磷吸收累积量。大田试验下,施用蔗叶生物炭较CK显著提高蔗茎钾含量,2021年和2022年增幅分别为31.3%~38.2%和10.5%~29.5%。蔗茎钾含量T2处理与T1处理相当,并在2022年显著高于T3处理。但在桶栽试验下,施用蔗叶生物炭对蔗茎、蔗叶及尾梢钾含量均无显著影响。施用蔗叶生物炭提高了大田试验蔗茎及地上部钾吸收累积量,其中,蔗茎增幅18.2%~45.6%,地上部增幅13.5%~32.8%,且以T2处理最高。施用蔗叶生物炭对甘蔗氮、磷养分生理利用效率无显著影响,但大田试验的钾养分生理利用效率显著降低14.7%~23.1%(2021年)和6.0%~19.5%(2022年)。15N同位素示踪进一步表明,蔗茎的氮肥吸收量最高,占总吸收量的46.5%~54.2%,蔗叶和尾梢的氮肥吸收量相当,分别占总吸收量的23.3%~27.5%和22.6%~28.0%。施用不同用量蔗叶生物炭,蔗�【Objective】The effects of different sugarcane leaf biochar application rates on sugarcane yield and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient uptake and utilization were studied in order to provide a basis for scientific application of sugarcane leaf biochar to promote sugarcane growth and achieve high nutrient utilization.【Method】Field experiment and pot experiment were conducted in 2021-2022 by using 15N isotope tracer technique.Guiliu 05136 and Guitang 42 were used as test varieties.Four treatments were set up:CK(control,no sugarcane leaf biochar application),T1(sugarcane leaf biochar,2.7 t/ha),T2(sugarcane leaf biochar,5.4 t/ha)and T3(sugarcane leaf biochar,10.8 t/ha).The yield,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content and accumulation rate of stems and leaves during the harvest period of sugarcane were analyzed.Moreover,fertilizer nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency were also studied.【Result】Compared with CK,the application of different amounts of sugarcane leaf biochar had no significant effect on leaf yield(P>0.05,the same below),but increased stem yield to different degrees,and with the increase of sugarcane leaf biochar application,stem yield showed a trend of first increase and then decrease,and reached the highest level in T2 treatment,which showed a significant difference(P<0.05,the same below).There were no significant changes in nitrogen and phosphorus content in stems and leaves,and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake accumulation rate in aboveground.However,T2 treatment significantly increased the phosphorus accumulation rate of sugarcane leaf in field trail,and the nitrogen,phosphorus accumulation rate of stem in pot trail in 2022.The application of sugarcane leaf biochar increased potassium content in stems by 31.3%-38.2%in 2021 and 10.5%-29.5%in 2022,respectively in field trial,where T2 treatment was equivalent to T1 treatment and significantly higher than T3 treatment in 2022.The application of sugarcane leaf biochar had no significant effect on the potassium content of stems,l

关 键 词：生物炭 甘蔗 产量 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]