我国矿区土地复垦关键政策实施情况调查分析  

Survey and Analysis of the Implementation of Key Policies on Land Reclamation in Mining Areas in China

作　　者：胡振琪 郭家新[3] 赵艳玲 王振[2] HU Zhenqi;GUO Jiaxin;ZHAO Yanling;WANG Zhen(School of Environment and Spatial Informatics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)土地复垦与生态重建研究所,北京100083 [3]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国土地科学》2024年第5期1-11,共11页China Land Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划国合专项项目(2023YFE0122300)。

摘　　要：研究目的:调查土地复垦4项关键政策的实施情况,判断政策失灵与否,并分析其失灵原因,为相关政策修订提供科学支撑。研究方法:问卷调查法,统计分析法和定量分析法。研究结果:(1)三类受访者认为“谁损毁,谁复垦”政策不完善的比例为65.30%,其中第三方不完善比例高达92.02%,同时三类受访者一致赞同应由政府牵头复垦。(2)在编制土地复垦方案方面,三类受访者表示“不完善”(49.74%)略高于“赞成”(47.01%),其中第三方不完善的比例高达89.57%;矿山企业认为方案实施率较高,但政府部门(26.74%)和第三方(3.07%)表示方案落实不力。(3)矿山企业高度赞成采矿临时用地政策,但三类受访者一致认为政策执行率低,其中“0%执行”比例中政府为22.40%、矿山企业为23.92%、第三方高达91.41%,表明该政策执行率较低,需要改革和完善。(4)三类受访者赞成“边开采、边复垦”比例为43.59%、“不完善”为53.68%,其中第三方认为不完善的比例高达77.30%;政府和矿山企业都表示执行率较好,但第三方认为执行率仅为11.65%;政府(52.80%)和矿山企业(74.41%)不了解“边采边复”技术是政策实施不力的原因之一。研究结论:(1)“谁损毁,谁复垦”、编制“土地复垦方案”、“采矿临时用地”和“边开采,边复垦”4项关键政策的总体失灵度分别为51.11%、56.92%、89.23%和50.43%,均高于50%,同时第三方认为失灵度分别为92.03%、96.93%、98.77%和88.35%,表明4项政策都需要完善和革新;(2)4项政策均受到内部和外部多种因素的影响,导致执行率较低,需要从综合角度进行完善。The purpose of this study is to investigate the implementation of four key policies on land reclamation,to determine whether the policies have failed and to analyze the reasons for their failures.The research methods of questionnaire survey,statistical analysis and quantitative analysis were used.The results show that:1)65.30%respondents from the government,mining enterprises and third-party believe that“who destroys,who reclaims”policy is imperfect,with the highest proportion(92.02%)of third-party,and 96.4%of respondents unanimously agree that the government should lead reclamation program.2)As for the policy on making reclamation plan in mining permission,the investigation results indicate that“imperfect”(49.74%)was slightly higher than“in favor”(47.01%),with a highest percentage(89.57%)of the third-party.Except for the mining enterprises,other types of respondents gave a low rate of implementation,i.e.,government departments(26.74%)and third-party(3.07%).3)Mining enterprises are highly in favor of the mining temporary land use policy,but all of the three types of respondents think that the implementation rate of the policy is low.The proportion of“0%implementation”of the government 22.40%,enterprises 23.92%,and the third-party considered“imperfect”is as high as 91.41%,which fully demonstrates that the implementation of the policy is ineffective,and that it needs a huge reform.4)Three types of respondents who agree with“concurrent mining and reclamation”account for 43.59%and“imperfect”is 53.68%,with the third-party considering“imperfect”up to 77.30%.The government and enterprises think that there is a good implementation rate,but the third party consider that the implementation rate is only 11.65%.Lack of the understanding of the technology by the government and businesses is one of the reasons for the poor implementation of the policy.In conclusion,1)the overall failure degree of the four key policies“who destroys,who reclaims”,“land reclamation plan”,“mining temporary

关 键 词：土地复垦 关键政策 调查分析 矿区 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]