2013-2022年南亚热带桉树人工林土壤质量评价及障碍因子演变特征  

Evaluation of Soil Quality and Characterization ofSoil Fertility Obstacle Factors in EucalyptusPlantationsin South Subtropical Region from 2013 to 2022

作　　者：郑明朝 符忆华 卢娇华 银彬吾 安冰 陈丽华 ZHENG Mingchao;FU Yihua;LU Jiaohua;YIN Binwu;AN Bing;CHEN Lihua(Guangxi ZhuangAutonomous Region State-owned Paiyangshan Forest Farm,Ningming 532500,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区国有派阳山林场,广西宁明532500

出　　处：《桉树科技》2024年第2期39-47,共9页Eucalypt Science & Technology

基　　金：中央财政林草科技推广示范项目([2024]TG28号);广西林业科技项目(桂林科研[2022 ZC]79号和2023 GXZCLK54号)。

摘　　要：以广西国有派阳山林场2013—2022年桉树人工林为研究对象,对比土壤pH值、有机质、大量元素及中微量元素等13个化学性质指标,采用秩和比综合评价法、优劣解距离法、主成分分析法、因子分析法和熵值法综合评价土壤质量;采用分层聚类法和主成分分析法,引入土壤障碍因子诊断模型,评价桉树人工林土壤质量及障碍因子演变特性。结果表明:10年来桉树人工林整体呈现出酸度高、磷素严重缺乏、中微量元素部分缺乏的特征,土壤肥力质量整体呈上升趋势。5种综合评价结果一致,2022年不同土壤深度肥力质量均高于2013年相同深度的土壤肥力质量,上层土壤肥力质量均优于下层土壤肥力质量。2013年和2022年桉树人工林13个化学性质指标中,共提取障碍因子18个,其中轻、重度障碍因子分别占比56.0%和44.0%;pH值、有机质、全氮、全钾、速效钾、交换性钙和镁含量在两个年度均为障碍因子,其中交换性钙和镁均为重度障碍因子。2013年的土壤障碍因子和重度障碍因子均高于2022年,2013桉树人工林土壤中重度障碍因子依次分别为全磷、速效磷、交换性钙、交换性镁和全氮,而2022年的依次为交换性钙、pH值和交换性镁。桉树大面积、长时期经营后在一定程度上易造成土壤肥力退化、大量元素和中微量元素养分等级降低等问题,需因地制宜,制定科学经营策略,减少土壤障碍的发生,在一定程度上提高土壤肥力和生产力。Taking eucalypt plantations in Guangxi Paiyangshan State-owned Forest Farm from 2013 to 2022 as research object,13 soil chemical properties including pH,organic matter content,macro-nutrients,medium-nutrients and micro-nutrients were compared,and five different evaluation methods were used to comprehensively evaluate soil quality.The latter trait was evaluated using the rank-sum ratio comprehensive evaluation method,superiority and inferiority solution distance methods,principal component analyses,factor analyses method and the entropy method.The results indicated that eucalypt plantation soils showed high acidity,severe phosphorus deficiency,and partial lack of medium and micro-nutrient elements over the past decade,though the soil fertility showed an overall upward trend.The results of the five comprehensive evaluations were consistent.The soil fertility quality at different depths in 2022 were higher than that at the same depths in 2013,and the soil fertility quality at the upper depth was higher than that at the lower depth.Among the 13 soil chemical properties of eucalypt plantations evaluated in 2013 and 2022,18‘obstacle factors’were extracted,of which 56.0%and 44.0%were mild and severe obstacle factors,respectively.The contents of pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,total potassium,available potassium,exchangeable calcium and magnesium were obstacle factors in both years,and exchangeable calcium and pH were severe obstacle factors.The soil obstacle factors and severe obstacle factors in 2013 were higher than those in 2022.In the eucalypt plantation soils in 2013,the severe obstacle factors were total phosphorus,available phosphorus,exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium and total nitrogen.In the eucalypt plantation soils in 2022,the severe obstacle factors were exchangeable calcium,pH value and exchangeable magnesium.To a certain extent,large-scale and long-term management of eucalypt plantations could easily cause soil fertility degradation and the reduction of nutrient levels of a large number of e

关 键 词：桉树 土壤质量评价 土壤障碍因子 障碍度 

分 类 号：S718.516[农业科学—林学]