溴甲烷等熏蒸剂环境浓度动态研究  

Study on the Dynamics of Environmental Concentrations of Methyl Bromide and Other Fumigants

作　　者：党安芳 裴中帅 Dang Anfang;Pei Zhongshuai(Shandong Inspection and Quarantine Technology Co.,Ltd,Qingdao Shandong 266555)

机构地区：[1]山东鲁检科技有限公司,山东青岛266555

出　　处：《口岸卫生控制》2024年第3期10-13,共4页Port Health Control

摘　　要：溴甲烷熏蒸是出入境口岸除害处理的关键环节,合理运用熏蒸剂既能有效防控有害生物,又能降低对环境的长期影响。本文针对口岸溴甲烷熏蒸投药后环境中浓度变化及影响因素进行研究,为熏蒸剂的合理使用提供科学依据。实验表明,出境库房溴甲烷熏蒸浓度变化主要与木质包装物的含水量、种类、库房堆放形式、吸附性及数量等因素相关。进一步研究发现,进境集装箱溴甲烷熏蒸散气速率与箱内货物装载率以及货物吸水性有关,而与集装箱尺寸、天气和温度关系不大。自然散气8 h及3 w左右的航行时间可满足残留低于5 ppm(2 mg/m^(3))的要求。然而,对于集装箱装载率过大、货物吸附性强、外包装物为塑料袋的,可延长散气时间或采用机械通风以降低残余气体浓度。Methyl bromide fumigation is a critical pest control procedure at ports of entry and exit,and its rational use can effectively manage harmful organisms and reduce long-term environmental impacts.This article investi-gates the changes in environmental concentration and the influencing factors of methyl bromide after fumigation at ports,providing a scientific basis for the judicious use of fumigants.Experiments indicate that changes in the con-centration of methyl bromide in outbound warehouses are mainly related to the moisture content,type,stacking method,adsorption properties,and quantity of wooden packaging materials.Further study has found that the rate of methyl bromide dissipation in imported containers is related to the load factor of the cargo and the water absorption of the goods,while it is less affected by the size of the container,weather,and temperature.Natural dissipation over 8 hours and a transit time of about 3 weeks can meet requirements for residues lower than 5 ppm(2 mg/m^(3)).How-ever,for containers with high load factors,strong adsorptive properties of goods,or those using plastic bags for pack-aging,extending the dissipation time or employing mechanical ventilation may be necessary to reduce residual gas concentrations.

关 键 词：溴甲烷 熏蒸 浓度变化 集装箱 库房 

分 类 号：R187[医药卫生—流行病学]