轻罪化时代下可罚的违法性理论的溯源思考和本土进路  

Reflecting on the Origin and Local Approach of the Theory of Punishable Illegality in the Era of Misdemeanour

作　　者：王志远[1] 罗米兰 Wang Zhiyuan;Luo Milan

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2024年第3期98-113,共16页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

摘　　要：“轻罪化时代”亟需建构限制轻罪入罪的机制。“但书”规定是现成的实体法方式,但其在轻罪治理实践中陷入瓶颈。可罚的违法性在我国有天然的法规范土壤,为畅通我国《刑法》第13条“但书”条款奠定理论基础。可罚的违法性是指,行为既符合构成要件,又不存在阻却事由,若没有达到可罚的违法性,不成立犯罪。可罚的违法性理论创设之初是用于轻微罪的出罪,其中缓和的违法一元论最契合我国轻罪治理。发展至今,可罚的违法性理论在我国已经异化,不但将刑罚反向融入犯罪成立的判断,而且进一步加深了刑法对前置法的从属性。应当将可罚的违法性单独置于第四阶层,宏观把握轻罪行为的入罪与否,并将可罚的违法性理论贯穿于“但书”规定的司法适用,充分激活“但书”条款在轻罪治理中的潜力。"The era of misdemeanour"urgently needs our country to construct a mechanism to limit the scope of misdemeanors.The stipulation of"proviso"is a ready-made substantive law,but it falls into a bottleneck in the practice of misdemeanor management.There is a natural legal norm for the punishable illegality in our country,which lays a theoretical foundation for the unblocking of the proviso clause of Article 13 of our Criminal Law.The punishable illegality means that the act meets the constituent elements and there is no cause of obstruction.If the punishable illegality is not reached,the crime is not established.In the beginning,the theory of punishable illegality was created for the punishment of minor crimes,among which the moderated illegality monism is the most suitable for the treatment of minor crimes in our country.Up to now,the theory of punishable illegality has been alienated in our country:our country not only reversely integrates penalty into the judgment of crime establishment,but also further deepens the subordination of criminal law to the preliminary law.The punishable illegality should be placed in the fourth stratum alone,grasping the criminality of misdemeanors in a macroscopic way,running the punishable illegality theory through the judicial application of"proviso"to fully activate the potential of"proviso"clause in the management of misdemeanors.

关 键 词：轻罪治理 可罚的违法性 缓和的违法一元论 阶层独立说 但书 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]