明代宁夏通志中的黄河书写  

The Yellow River Writing in the Ningxia General Chronicle in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：胡玉冰[1] HU Yu-bing

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学文学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《民族艺林》2024年第1期35-48,共14页Journal of Ethnic Art

基　　金：2017年国家哲学社会科学基金重大项目“《朔方文库》编纂”(项目编号:17ZDA268)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：黄河是中华民族的母亲河,黄河文化是中华文化的根和魂。历史上,黄河曾流经过十三个省份,今流经九省区。在这些省区的地方文献特别是旧志中,都有关于黄河的书写。传世的四种明代宁夏通志中,关于黄河的记述主要集中在《山川》《河渠》《水利》类目中,所附地图一般均绘制有黄河及黄河水系信息。各志除了从自然地理的角度记载黄河外,还在社会生活、政治制度、经济民生等层面的类目,如《土产》《屯田》《职官》中记载与黄河相关的内容。同时,各志都收录有歌咏黄河的诗文。明代宁夏通志中,《[正统]宁夏志》最早记载了黄河宁夏段的流向、水势情况,其后弘治、嘉靖、万历三朝宁夏通志在此史料基础上进一步丰富记载;《[弘治]宁夏新志》中,最早出现了绘制有黄河地理信息的地图,嘉靖、万历两朝宁夏通志继承了这一做法,于所附地图中均绘有黄河信息,该志首次指出宁夏引黄灌溉的田亩数量及黄河对河套平原形成所起的关键作用,还首次收录了专题歌咏黄河的诗篇;《[嘉靖]宁夏新志》则首次全面梳理有关黄河之于宁夏重要性的代表性观点,开始记载黄河对宁夏的负面影响;《[万历]朔方新志》对黄河的专门记述内容更加全面,首次提及黄河的发源地为星宿海,进一步强调部分明朝地方官对黄河有害于宁夏的认识,所附朱笈《豁免屯粮赔累疏》强调,随着历史的推移,黄河为宁夏赢得的“塞北江南”美誉,在一定程度上已严重影响到宁夏的民生问题。The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation,and the Yellow River culture is the root and soul of Chinese culture.In history,the Yellow River once flowed through 13 provinces,and now it flows through nine provinces.In the local documents of these provinces,especially in the old annals,there are writings about the Yellow River.Among the four Ningxia General Chronicles in the Ming Dynasty,the descriptions of the Yellow River are mainly concentrated in the categories of Mountains,Rivers,and Water Conservancy,and the attached maps generally contain the information of the Yellow River and its water system.In addition to recording the perspective of physical geography,it also records the contents related to the Yellow River in the categories of social life,political system,economy and people’s livelihood in the four Ningxia General Chronicle,such as Native Products,Reclamation of Farmland and Official Posts.Meanwhile,it contains poems about the Yellow River in each general annals.It first records the flow direction and water potential of the Yellow River section in the[Orthodox]Ningxia General Chronicle.Later,it enriches the records on the basis of this historical data in the three dynasties of Hongzhi,Jiajing and Wanli.In[Hongzhi]Ningxia New Chronicle,it records the earliest map with the geographical information of the Yellow River appeared.And the attached maps are all drawn with the information of the Yellow River,which is inherited this practice in the Jiajing and Wanli dynasties.The number of acres of fields irrigated by the Yellow River and the key role of the Yellow River in the formation of the Hetao Plain,and the first poem about the Yellow River is included;the views on the importance of the Yellow River and the negative impact of the Yellow River on Ningxia is first recorded comprehensively in[Jiajing]Ningxia New Chronicles;it has a more comprehensive description of the Yellow River in[Wanli]Shuofang New Chronicles.For the first time,it mentions that the origin of the Yellow River--Xingxiuhai

关 键 词：黄河 明代 宁夏通志 旧志 

分 类 号：G256[文化科学—图书馆学] K29[历史地理—历史学]