德国魏玛时期的通货膨胀与货币购买力  

Inflation and Purchasing Power of Currency During the Weimar Period in Germany

作　　者：周建明[1] ZHOU Jianming

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,广西桂林541001

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2024年第2期73-90,128,共19页Economic and Social History Review

基　　金：中国钱币学会2022年度立项课题“纸币与通货膨胀:魏玛共和国时期货币购买力研究”(202218)前期成果。

摘　　要：1871年德国统一后,金马克成为唯一官方货币。第一次世界大战爆发后,因财政赤字不断飚升,德国大量发行纸币马克,引发恶性通货膨胀。至魏玛共和国时期,通货膨胀仍然无法遏制,货币先后经历了金马克、纸币马克、紧急状态币、地产抵押马克到帝国马克的演变。1923年底,魏玛政府进行货币改革,逐渐扭转了纸币疯涨的局面,使货币体系逐步回归正轨。1924年后,德国经济逐步复苏,物价较为稳定,货币购买力在提升。1929年世界经济危机爆发,失业率急剧攀升,民众收入缩水,市场需求萎缩,商品价格一路走低。随着物价的逐年下降,同一货币单位的购买力略有提高,但在民众收入不断缩水的情况下,实际购买力却在下降。After the unification of Germany in 1871,the Goldmark became the only official currency.After the outbreak of World War I,Germany issued a large amount of Papiermark due to the soaring fiscal deficit,which led to vicious inflation.During the Weimar Republic period,inflation was still uncontrollable,and the currency went through the evolution of the Goldmark,Papiermark,Notgeld,Rentenmark and Reichsmark.At the end of 1923,the Weimar government carried out the monetary reform,gradually reversing the large face value and quantity of paper currency and bringing the monetary system back on track.After 1924,the German economy gradually recovered,prices remained relatively stable,and the purchasing power of currency increased.In 1929,the world economic crisis broke out,with a sharp increase in unemployment rate,a decrease in people’s income,a contraction in market demand,and a continuous decline in commodity prices.The purchasing power of the same currency unit increased slightly as prices fell year by year,but in the case of shrinking popular incomes,the real purchasing power declined.

关 键 词：纸币 魏玛共和国 通货膨胀 货币购买力 

分 类 号：K516.43[历史地理—历史学] F821.9[历史地理—世界史]