福州开埠后茶叶外贸的兴衰  

The Rise and Fall of Tea Foreign Trade After the Opening of Fuzhou Port

作　　者：谢彪 XIE Biao

机构地区：[1]福建教育学院文科研修部,福州350001

出　　处：《经济社会史评论》2024年第2期116-126,128,共12页Economic and Social History Review

摘　　要：鸦片战争前,中国茶已经占据世界茶市六成以上的份额,福建即是中国出口茶的主要产地。西方对福建茶叶的巨大需求,促使福州成为《南京条约》后开埠通商的口岸之一。1853年福州港解除茶禁,武夷茶从闽江运抵福州的航路开通,这条便捷的运输线使茶叶从福州港直接出口,带动了茶叶市场及产业,至1880年代福州港茶叶外贸达到鼎盛。与此同时,印度、锡兰、日本等地的茶叶生产与贸易迅速崛起,在制茶工艺、市场营销等多方面占据竞争优势,中国茶很快在国际市场上败落。失去茶叶外贸支撑,福州没有可供出口的大宗商品,加之思想观念及地理因素等,致使最早对外开放的福州到民国初年重归沉寂。福州港短暂的兴盛与迅速衰败可谓中国近代经济的缩影。Before the Opium War,Chinese tea had already occupied more than 60%of the world tea market,and Fujian was the main source of Chinese exported tea.The huge demand for Fujian tea from the West had led Fuzhou to become one of the ports for opening and trading after the Nanjing Treaty.In 1853,the tea ban was lifted at Fuzhou Port,and the route for transporting Wuyi tea from the Minjiang River to Fuzhou was opened.This convenient transportation line allowed tea to be directly exported from Fuzhou Port,promoted the development of the tea market and industry.By the 1880s,the tea trade at Fuzhou Port had reached its peak.At the same time,tea production and trade in India,Ceylon,Japan and other regions had risen rapidly,occupying competitive advantages in tea making technology,marketing,and other aspects.Chinese tea quickly fell in the international market.Without the support of foreign trade in tea,Fuzhou had no bulk commodities available for export.Coupled with ideological concepts and geographical factors,Fuzhou,which was the earliest open to the outside world,returned to silence in the early years of the Republic of China.The brief prosperity and rapid decline of Fuzhou Port could be seen as a microcosm of China’s modern economy.

关 键 词：福州港 茶叶贸易 武夷茶 国际市场 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济] F752.9