工业革命时期英国运河修建的条件  

The Construction of the British Canal During the Industrial Revolution

作　　者：雍正江[1] Yong Zhengjiang

机构地区：[1]扬州大学社会发展学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《史学月刊》2024年第5期89-98,共10页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“文化博弈视阈下中国大运河国际形象提升路径研究”(18BGJ086)。

摘　　要：满足大宗商品运输的需求,是工业革命时期英国运河修建的前提条件。大宗商品运输需求的递增推动了运输变革时代的到来,开凿运河成为当时解决大宗商品运输问题的最优解,作为运输大动脉的运河也成为工业革命早期的生命线,但随着工业革命的深入发展,英国运河运输廉价而不快捷的不足日趋显现。资本化运作是运河修建的必要条件。运河主要由贵族地主和工商业资本家投资,通过建立运河股份公司的方式实现投资主体多元化,但资本化也带来投机和短视问题,大量的运河被修成了窄运河,成为日后运河迅速走向衰败的重要原因。注重技术革新是运河修建的充分条件。英国运河是工业社会的产物,运河开凿技术革新是工业革命时期技术革新的重要组成部分。但工业革命时期英国的技术进步不断推陈出新,出现了以铁路为代表的运输革命,廉价快捷的铁路运输更放大了运河运输的不足,这是英国运河迅速走向衰败的一个重要原因。工业革命时期英国运河业的兴衰,是这一时期英国经济和技术快速发展的一个写照。During the Industrial Revolution,the construction of the British canal was premised on meeting the demand for bulk commodity transportation.The increasing demand for bulk commodity transportation in Britain propelled the arrival of the era of transportation transformation,and the excavation of canals became the best way to solve the problem of bulk commodity transportation at that time.The canal,as a major transportation artery,also became a lifeline in the early stages of the Industrial Revolution.Capitalization operation was a necessary condition for the construction of canals.During the Industrial Revolution,British canals were mainly invested by aristocratic landlords and industrial and commercial capitalists.But capitalization also brought speculative and short-sighted issues.A large number of canals had been constructed into narrow canals,becoming an important reason for the rapid decline of British canals in the future.Technological innovation was a sufficient condition for the construction of canals.The technological innovation of canal excavation was an important component of technological innovation during the Industrial Revolution period.But during the Industrial Revolution,Britain's technological progress continued to innovate,and a transportation revolution represented by railways emerged,which was another important reason for the rapid decline of the British canal.The rise and fall of the British canal transportation was a reflection of the rapid development of the British economy and technology during the Industrial Revolution.

关 键 词：英国 工业革命 运河 大宗商品 资本化运作 技术革新 

分 类 号：K561.43[历史地理—历史学]