交易成本政治学视角下的环境规制失灵及其治理  

Environmental Regulation Dysfunction and Its Governance from the Perspective of Transaction Cost Politics

作　　者：谢婷 胡建华[1] Xie Ting;Hu Jianhua

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学应急管理与安全工程学院

出　　处：《云南行政学院学报》2024年第3期23-31,共9页The Journal of Yunnan Administration College

基　　金：江西省社会科学基金青年项目《环保督察背景下地方政府环境治理行为与绩效改进研究》(22ZZ03);江西省高校人文社会科学研究青年项目《环保督察制度运作逻辑及其治理效能研究》(ZZ22201);江西理工大学博士科研基金启动项目《环保督察约束力与地方环境治理行为逻辑研究》(205200100578)。

摘　　要：环境规制的有效性是提升生态文明治理绩效的关键所在,也是我国环境治理进程中亟待解决的现实困境。当前我国环境规制手段丰富,体系日趋完善,但实施效果欠佳,提升制度的有效性至关重要。文章构建了一个交易成本政治学的分析框架,基于中央环保督察及整改在J省的实证分析发现:环境规制失灵的主要原因在于中央与地方在环境规制这一非核心任务上所签订的不完全政治合同,由信息不对称引发的机会主义行为、资产专用性导致了道德风险以及环境治理结构的“路径依赖”,进而引发高额政治交易成本,使得地方有动机亦有可能违背委托人的环境治理目标,从而制约着环境规制效能的发挥。研究发现,提升环境规制的有效性,既要不断修订整合环境法律法规与政策文本,保障环境规制任务的明确化、可衡量性及约束性以提高政治合同的理性程度,又要通过差别化的激励约束机制提高地方政府环境治理的内在动力,以环境治理主体的竞争性突破制度环境与治理结构的掣肘,同时通过多元教育激发权力主体的环境治理责任与意识,重塑环境治理的可信承诺,以降低环境规制的政治交易成本,提升环境治理效能。The effectiveness of environmental regulations is the key to improving the performance of ecological civilization governance,andalso constitutes anexisting challenge that urgently needs to be overcome in China's environmental governance progression.While the country boasts a diverse array of regulatory tools and an increasingly sophisticated system,the implementation outcomes remain suboptimal,underscoring the urgency of enhancing theeffectiveness of the system.This article constructs an analysis framework rooted in the transaction cost politics,and,through empirical analysis of central environmental inspection and rectification in province J,uncovers that the key impediments to effective environmental regulation stem from incomplete political contracts between the central and local governments over the non-core task of environmental regulation.Both opportunistic behaviors and asset specificitycaused by information asymmetry lead to moral risks and the"path dependence"in environmental governance structure,collectively inflating political transaction costs.Consequently,local governments are motivated and allowed to deviate from the principal’s environmental governance goals,thereby impeding the effectiveness of environmental regulation.The study suggests that enhancing the effectiveness of environmental regulationsrequires continuous refinement and consolidation of environmental laws,regulations,and policies,ensuring the clarity,measurability,and constraint of environmental regulatory tasks to improve the rationality of political contracts.Differentially designed incentive and constraint mechanisms are also needed to boost local governments’intrinsic motivation for environmental management.By fostering competitiveness among governance entities,these measures can overcome institutional and structural constraints.Additionally,multi-faceted education initiatives can instill a sense of responsibility and awareness among governing bodies,rejuvenating credible commitments to environmental governance and thereby redu

关 键 词：环境规制 治理效能 政治交易成本 治理路径 

分 类 号：D669.9[政治法律—政治学] X32[政治法律—中外政治制度]