应用群落生态学方法的发达地区乡村土地覆被格局与动态研究  

Research on Land Cover Patterns and Dynamics in Developed Rural Areas Using Community Ecology Methods

作　　者：程东亚 张小林[1] 李红波[1] 陈欣蔚 CHENG Dongya;ZHANG Xiaolin;LI Hongbo;CHEN Xinwei(School of Geography,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023

出　　处：《地球信息科学学报》2024年第5期1315-1334,共20页Journal of Geo-information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071224);国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(21FSHB014);教育部人文社会科学基金项目(20YJCZH069)。

摘　　要：以新的视角解析土地覆被变化特征,对深入认识土地覆被具有重要价值。本文以群落生态学相关理论和方法为基础,构建了其在土地覆被/土地利用中的研究框架。基于该研究框架,本文以江苏镇江句容市乡村地区为研究区,解析了研究区2000—2020年土地覆被变化与动态过程。研究结果认为:①土地覆被整体由具体的土地覆被类型组成,可以从边界性、集合性、交互性3个角度认识和理解土地覆被,不同土地覆被类型相互作用可以通过生态位、生态位分化、竞争等角度认识和理解;②研究区土地覆被整体变化来看:2000—2020年等级-多度表现为相似的趋势,期间土地覆被香农-维纳指数上升。1 km×1 km土地覆被空间自相关结果来看:2000—2020年研究区土地覆被丰富度高-高(High-High)类型分布有减少趋势,北部乡村最大优势度低-低(Low-Low)类型分布相对较多,同时北部乡村香农-维纳指数高-高(High-High)类型分布也相对较多;③群落生态学研究方法在未来土地覆被/土地利用研究中的作用:等级-多度可以反映土地覆被/土地利用主导类型,丰富度采用小单元观测可以反映土地覆被/土地利用种类数量空间差异,优势度可以反映某种土地覆被/土地利用类型的地位和作用,香农-维纳指数可以反映土地覆被/土地利用综合多样性和复杂性。本研究结果能为土地覆被/土地利用研究提供一种新的研究范式和思路,也能为发达地区乡村发展提供参考和启示。Analyzing the characteristics of land cover changes from a new perspective holds significant value for a better understanding of land cover and land use.In this study,we proposed a research framework of land cover and land use based on the relevant theories and methods from community ecology.Based on this framework,we analyzed the land cover changes in the rural area of Jurong City,Zhejiang,Jiangsu Province during the period of 2000-2020.The results showed that:(1)The entire land cover consists of specific land cover types,which can be recognized and characterized from three aspects:boundary,aggregation,and interaction.The interaction of different land cover types can be recognized and understood from aspects of niche,niche differentiation,and competition.Specifically,there were niches in various land cover types,niche differentiation was fundamental to land cover distribution,and competition drove the land cover evolution;(2)For the overall land cover change in the study area,rank-abundance showed a similar trend,with the Shannon-Wiener index of land cover increasing during 2000-2020.Through the spatial autocorrelation analysis of the 1 km×1 km land cover,the distribution of high-high type of richness in the study area showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2020,the distribution of low-low type of maximum dominance in the northern rural areas was relatively large,and the distribution of high-high type of Shannon-Wiener index in the northern rural areas was also relatively large.During 2000-2020,the overall land cover rank-abundance in the study area showed a relatively stable evolution,with an overall Shannon-Wiener index increase of 0.14.At the scale of 1 km×1 km,the richness,maximum dominance,and Shannon-Wiener index had their own characteristics,indicating that it is necessary to observe land cover change at small scales and small units;(3)By exploring the role of community ecology methods in future land cover and land use research,we found that rank-abundance can reflect the dominant type of land cover and

关 键 词：土地覆被 群落生态学 等级-多度 丰富度 优势度 香农-维纳指数 格局 动态 乡村 发达地区 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]