青海省称多县人间鼠疫流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis of human plague in Chengduo County,Qinghai Province

作　　者：王文龙 马龙 刘中凯 杨春辉 李积德 徐守彪 李玲雯 史艳文 田富彰[1] 杨永海[1] 熊浩明[1] WANG Wenlong;MA Long;LIU Zhongkai;YANG Chunhui;LI Jide;XU Shoubiao;LI Lingwen;SHI Yanwen;TIAN Fuzhang;YANG Yonghai;XIONG Haoming(Department of Plague Prevention and Control,Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,Xining,Qinghai 811602,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省地方病预防控制所鼠疫预防控制科,青海西宁811602

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2024年第7期700-703,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：国家卫生健康委员会鼠疫防治研究重点实验室(共建)(2019PT310004);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究资助(2019QZKK0607);青海省鼠疫防控及研究重点实验室(2021-ZJ-Y15)。

摘　　要：目的根据称多县1987—2004年人间鼠疫流行情趋势,探讨鼠疫防治策略,为称多县防疫政策制定提供参考。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对1987—2004年称多县人间鼠疫病例数据进行分析,计数资料比较采用χ^(2)检验,并从人间鼠疫疫情三间分布、传染源及感染方式等方面进行讨论。结果称多县1987—2004年发生人间鼠疫8起,报告病例17例,死亡8例,病死率47.06%。17例鼠疫病例,男性12例,占70.59%;女性5例,占29.41%。称多县人间鼠疫发生在6~10月,以7~8月为高峰。发病人群中,藏族13例、汉族3例、蒙族1例;职业分布以牧民为主,共14例。鼠疫的传染途径为剥食旱獭5例、疫蚤叮咬2例、接触鼠疫病例6例、剥食死藏系绵羊3例、剥病死猫皮1例。鼠疫的首发病型共3种,腺鼠疫9例、原发性肺鼠疫5例、原发性肠鼠疫2例、1例记载不详。不同月份、性别人群鼠疫病死率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.761,P=0.170;χ^(2)=3.085,P=0.131)。结论称多县人间鼠疫疫情存在诸多潜在风险,需采取各项防控措施,以有效避免和控制人间鼠疫的发生和流行。Objective Based on the epidemic trend of human plague in Chengduo County from 1987 to 2004,the plague prevention and control strategies were discussed to provide a reference for the formulation of epidemic prevention policies in Chengduo County.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze human plague case data in Chengduo County from 1987 to 2004.Count data were compared using the Chi-square test,and the distribution of human plague epidemics in spatial,temporal and population distribution,source of infection,and modes of infection were discussed.Results There were eight cases of human plague that occurred in Chengduo County from 1987 to 2004,with 17 reported cases and eight deaths,and a fatality rate of 47.06%.Among the 17 plague cases,12 were male,accounting for 70.59%,and five were female,accounting for 29.41%.Human plague in Chengduo County occured from June to October,with the peak from July to August.Among the affected people,there were 13 cases from Tibetans,three cases from Hans,and one case from Mongolian.The occupational distribution was dominated by herdsmen,with a total of 14 cases.The infection routes of plague were five cases of skinning and eating of marmot,two cases of plague flea bites,six cases of contact with plague,three cases of skinning and eating of dead Tibetan sheep,and one case of skinning and skinning of a dead cat.There were three primary types of plague,with nine cases of glandular plague,five cases of primary pulmonary plague,two cases of primary intestinal plague,and one case of unknown record.There were no statistically significant difference in the mortality rate of plague among different months and genders of the population(χ^(2)=5.761,P=0.170;χ^(2)=3.085,P=0.131).Conclusion There are many potential risks in the human plague epidemic in Chengduo County,and various prevention and control measures need to be taken to effectively avoid and control the occurrence and epidemic of human plague.

关 键 词：青海省 人间鼠疫 称多县 流行病学分析 鼠疫预防与控制 分析 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]