2016—2022年威海市狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征分析  

Analysis of epidemiologic features of populations exposed to rabies in Weihai City from 2016 to 2022

作　　者：赵健 张国英[1] 王淑伟 王春平 曲文勇[1] 何丽萍[1] ZHAO Jian;ZHANG Guoying;WANG Shuwei;WANG Chunping;QU Wenyong;HE Liping(Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Weihai,Shandong 264200,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]威海市疾病预防控制中心,山东威海264200 [2]威海市立医院

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2024年第7期712-715,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：山东省重大传染病防控项目(Z195110010004)。

摘　　要：目的分析威海市2016—2022年194940例狂犬病暴露患者的流行病学特征,为狂犬病的防控提供参考依据。方法运用描述性流行病学方法分析狂犬病暴露人群资料,对狂犬病暴露患者按照分布地区、时间、性别、年龄、致伤动物、暴露部位、暴露级别和处置情况进行统计分析。结果6~10月是狂犬病的暴露高峰,共暴露104105例,占53.40%。环翠区的暴露患者例数最多,占44.17%;45~<60岁年龄组暴露患者例数最多,占24.04%;主要致伤动物为犬和猫,分别占66.76%和28.29%;暴露部位以上下肢为主,分别占57.35%和34.48%;暴露级别以Ⅲ级暴露为主,占53.47%,狂犬病疫苗接种率达100.00%,Ⅲ级暴露后被动免疫制剂注射率为11.25%。结论威海市狂犬病防控压力依然严峻,需加强犬、猫的免疫和管理,合理处置流浪犬和猫,针对不同人群特点开展狂犬病预防及暴露后处置知识教育,提高其防控意识和认知水平。Objective To analyze the epidemiologic features of 194940 patients exposed to rabies in Weihai City from 2016 to 2022,and to provide a reference basis for the prevention and control of rabies.Methods Descriptive epidemiology methods were used to analyze the data of populations exposed to rabies.The patients exposed to rabies were statistically analyzed according to distribution region,time,gender,age,attacking animal,exposure site,exposure classification and disposition.Results The peak of rabies exposure was from June to October,with a total of 104105 cases,accounting for 53.40%.The highest number of cases of exposed patients was found in Huancui District,accounting for 44.17%.The highest number of cases of exposed patients was found in the age group of 45-<60 years old,accounting for 24.04%.The attacking animals were mostly dogs and cats,accounting for 66.76% and 28.29%,respectively.The exposed parts were mainly upper limbs and lower limbs,accounting for 57.35% and 34.48%,respectively.The exposure classification was dominated by level Ⅲ exposure,accounting for 53.47%.The rabies vaccination rate was 100.00%,and the passive immunizing agent injection rate after levelⅢexposure was 11.25%.Conclusion The pressure of rabies prevention and control in Weihai City is still severe.It is necessary to strengthen the immunization and management of dogs and cats,and to reasonably dispose of stray dogs and cats.Education on the prevention and post-exposure disposal of rabies should be carried out according to different characteristics of populations to improve their awareness of prevention and control and cognitive level.

关 键 词：狂犬病 暴露 流行病学 分析 防控策略 

分 类 号：R512.99[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]