基于运行风险的无人机运行概念开发研究  

Development of UAS Concept of Operations Based on the Operation Risk

作　　者：齐福强[1] 张晓阳 杨永刚[1] QI Fuqiang;ZHANG Xiaoyang;YANG Yonggang(School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学交通科学与工程学院,天津300300

出　　处：《综合运输》2024年第5期9-16,共8页China Transportation Review

基　　金：天津市教育科学规划项目(CIE210182);天津市教委科研计划项目(2021SK040)资助。

摘　　要：准确定义运行概念是解决无人机在国家空域安全、高效运行的第一步。本文在分析相关研究的基础上,明确了无人机运行概念构建的基本思路、目的、内涵;基于运行风险的无人机运行概念可使监管机构及相关人员根据对其有关运行任务、运行人员、无人机系统、运行环境及运行管理等内容的描述作出清晰合理的判断。分析了无人机运行的主要、次要安全风险及安全水平要求;在民航安全监管中,应考虑主要风险,尤其要优先考虑对第三方的风险,并应采用传统有人航空相关的峰值风险水平来确定等效安全水平。最后,基于系统理论,分析了无人机运行系统中的人、机、环境和管理等组成要素及其相互联系,为无人机运行概念的开发设计了一个框架,该框架将运行概念与无人机运行安全风险管理相结合,为无人机安全运行提供总体方法,以支持无人机标准的运行场景开发,为无人机集成到国家空域系统提供支持。Accurate definition of Concept of Operations(ConOps) is the first step to support the operation of Unmanned Aircraft System(UAS) safe and efficient in national airspace. Based on analysis of the domestic and foreign relevant researches, the basic research ideas, purpose and connotation of the concept of UAS ConOps was clarified. The purpose of UAS ConOps description is to clarify the operation so that the regulatory authority and relevant personnel can make clear and reasonable judgments according the proposed content, such as operational tasks, personnel, UAS environment and management. The primary and secondary safety risks and safety level of UAS operation are further analyzed. With the view of civil aviation safety supervision, the primary safety risks should be considered, especially the risk to the third party, and the peak risk level related to Conventionally-Piloted Aircraft(CPA) should be used to determine the Equivalent Level of Safety(ELOS). Based on the system theory, the components of UAS operation system including personnel,machine, environment, and management and their interrelationships were analyzed, and then a framework for the development of UAS ConOps was put forward. The framework combines the UAS ConOps with the safety risk management, which provides an overall method for the safe operation of UAS, to support the development of standard operation scenarios for UAS, and to support the integration of UAS into the national airspace system.

关 键 词：无人机运行安全 无人机运行系统 运行概念 运行安全风险 风险管理 

分 类 号：X949[环境科学与工程—安全科学]