新疆帕米尔高原金草滩湿地中晚全新世以来植被演变  

VEGETATION EVOLUTION OF JINCAOTAN WETLAND IN THE PAMIR PLATEAU,XINJIANG DURING THE MIDDLE TO LATE HOLOCENE

作　　者：周彦宏 周乐 张芸[1,2] 西瑶瑶 孔昭宸[2] ZHOU Yanhong;ZHOU Le;ZHANG Yun;XI Yaoyao;KONG Zhaochen(State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,Jilin;Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093;Grassland Station in Kashgar,Kashgar 844000,Xinjiang;School of Geosciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑土地保护与利用全国重点实验室,吉林长春130102 [2]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093 [3]新疆喀什地区草原站,新疆喀什844000 [4]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2024年第3期770-779,共10页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(批准号:41971121和42271161)资助。

摘　　要：湿地沉积物蕴含着大量的古植被信息,是过去全球变化研究的重要领域之一,特别是地处干旱-半干旱区的湿地生态系统,因其生态环境较为脆弱,对气候系统的变化响应十分敏感。本研究以取自新疆帕米尔高原地区金草滩湿地深度为72 cm的剖面为分析对象,选取孢粉环境代用指标,同时结合14C测年数据建立的年代框架,对该区域过去5300年来的植被演变做了初步探讨。研究结果表明:5300~3750 cal.a B.P.期间,湿生植物莎草科和水生植物狸藻属植物孢粉含量较高,指示金草滩湿地局地环境较为湿润,水湿生植物繁盛;3750~0 cal.a B.P.期间,局地环境经历过多次干湿波动变化,如3750~1840 cal.a B.P.期间,耐旱的麻黄属植物占优势,藜亚科花粉也较前期增多,指示局地环境由湿逐渐变干,湿地面积收缩,区域性植被从荒漠草原植被演变成荒漠植被;1840~810 cal.a B.P.前期区域性植被也再次转为荒漠草原植被;之后,环境总体向干旱化趋势发展,湿地周围呈荒漠草原景观。剖面地层中出现含量较低的雪松、云杉和松属花粉应是外来花粉。Wetland fossil sediments contain a large amount of paleovegetation information and have been one of the critical fields of past global change research,especially wetland ecosystems located in arid and semi-arid regions,which are more sensitive to climate change due to their fragile ecological environment.In this paper,Jincaotan wetland in Tashkurgan County(35°37′~38°40′N,71°20′~77°01′E),the Pamir Plateau of Xinjiang,was selected as the research area.Based on a chronological framework supported by AMS 14C data and fossil pollen data from the LGC profile(37°49′49.1″N,75°12′58.4″E)of Jincaotan wetland,the vegetation change of Pamir Plateau in Xinjiang over the past 5300 years have been preliminarily discussed.The lithology of the LGC profile is mainly composed of silt.A total of 31 pollen samples were obtained from the 72 cm LGC profile.The pollen analysis showed that between 5300 cal.a B.P.and 3750 cal.a B.P.,wetland plants such as Cyperaceae and aquatic plants such as Urticularia had higher pollen content,indicating that the local environment of the Jincaotan wetland was relatively humid,and the aquatic plants were thriving since 3750 cal.a B.P.The environment also changed owing to several dry and wet fluctuations.From 3750~1840 cal.a B.P.,drought-tolerant Ephedra dominated,and Chenopodiaceae increased compared to the previous period,indicating that the local environment gradually changed from wet to dry,wetland area shrank,and regional vegetation eventually shifted from desert steppe to desert vegetation in the later stage.From 1840 cal.a B.P.to 810 cal.a B.P.,regional vegetation returned to desert steppe vegetation.Subsequently,the regional environment gradually deteriorated,and the surrounding area became a desert steppe landscape.Compared with other fossil records in Xinjiang,from 1170 cal.a B.P.to 730 cal.a B.P.period,the climate in this area was humid and equivalent to that of the Medieval Warm Period.In addition,Cedrus,Picea,and Pinus pollen contents were low in fossil sediments.This s

关 键 词：孢粉 植被演变 金草滩湿地 中晚全新世 帕米尔高原 新疆 

分 类 号：P534.632[天文地球—第四纪地质学] Q944.571[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]