罗田县板栗品种授粉配置研究  

Pollination configuration of Castanea mollissima cultivars in Luotian County

作　　者：魏振宇 张龙 李爱华[4] 余昕[1,2] 李寄凡 程一鸣 刘文静 陈艳清 桂爱琴[5] 舒常庆 WEI Zhenyu;ZHANG Long;LI Aihua;YU Xin;LI Jifan;CHENG Yiming;LIU Wenjing;CHEN Yanqing;GUI Aiqin;SHU Changqing(College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Forestry Bureau of Shiyan City,Shiyan 442000,Hubei,China;Hubei Academy of Forestry,Wuhan 430075,Hubei,China;Forestry Bureau of Luotian County,Luotian 438600,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学湖北省林业信息工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430070 [3]湖北省十堰市林业局,湖北十堰442000 [4]湖北省林业科学研究院,湖北武汉430075 [5]湖北省罗田县林业局,湖北罗田438600

出　　处：《浙江农林大学学报》2024年第3期606-614,共9页Journal of Zhejiang A&F University

基　　金：中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(﹝2018﹞TG15)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选湖北省罗田县板栗Castanea mollissima品种高产优质的授粉组合。【方法】选用‘桂花香’‘Guihuaxiang’、‘八月红’‘Bayuehong’、‘六月暴’‘Liuyuebao’、‘乌壳栗’‘Wukeli’、‘玫瑰红’‘Meiguihong’、‘浅刺大板栗’‘Qiancidabanli’等6个罗田县栽培的板栗品种,在花期相遇的基础上,设计22个授粉组合,开展品种授粉配置试验,对各授粉组合的授粉结实性和果实性状进行测定分析。【结果】异交显著降低了空苞率,除‘乌壳栗’外,各品种的异交空苞率均低于自交。异交显著提高了成果率(P<0.05),除‘乌壳栗’外,各品种的自交成果率均低于50%。授粉品种对各品种的刺苞性状、坚果性状、种仁的蛋白质和淀粉质量分数均有显著性影响(P<0.05)。综合成果率、果实性状等指标及主成分分析,筛选出各品种的成果率高、果实品质较好的授粉组合(♀×♂)是:‘桂花香’ב八月红’、‘八月红’ב六月暴’、‘六月暴’ב桂花香’、‘六月暴’ב八月红’、‘乌壳栗’ב六月暴’、‘玫瑰红’ב浅刺大板栗’、‘浅刺大板栗’ב桂花香’、‘浅刺大板栗’ב乌壳栗’。【结论】合理进行品种授粉配置可以有效降低罗田板栗品种的果实空苞率,提高果实产量与品质,实现高产优质栽培。[Objective]This objective was to screen pollination combinations with high fruit yield and quality for Castanea mollissima(chestnut)cultivars in Luotian County,Hubei Province.[Method]Six chestnut cultivars cultivated in Luotian County,Hubei Province,were selected.Based on flowering period overlap,22 pollination combinations were designed and the pollination configuration experiments were carried out,fruiting after pollination and fruit characteristic were investigated and analyzed.[Result]Cross-pollination significantly decreased the empty bract rate (P<0.05), except ‘Wukeli’, each other cultivars’ empty bract rate of cross- pollination was lower than that of self-pollination. Cross-pollination significantly increased the final fruit setting rate (P<0.05), the final fruit setting rate of self-pollination was lower than 50% except for ‘Wukeli’. Pollination cultivars showed significant effect on bracts index, nuts index, kernel’s protein and starch content (P<0.05). Based comprehensively on final fruit rate, fruit characteristic indexes and principal component analysis, pollination combinations(♀×♂) with high fruit setting rate and good fruit quality were: ‘ Guihuaxiang’ × ‘ Bayuehong’ , ‘ Bayuehong’ × ‘ Liuyuebao’ , ‘ Liuyuebao’ × ‘ Guihuaxiang’ , ‘ Liuyuebao’ × ‘ Bayuehong’ , ‘Wukeli’ × ‘Liuyuebao’, ‘Meiguihong’ × ‘Qiancidabanli’, ‘Qiancidabanli’ × ‘Guihuaxiang’, ‘Qiancidabanli’ × ‘ Wukeli’ . [Conclusion] Proper pollination varieties configuration could efficiently decrease the fruit empty bract rate and promote the fruit yield and quality of chestnut cultivars in Luotian County, and the high yield and excellent quality production could be realized. [Ch, 3 fig. 5 tab. 26 ref.]

关 键 词：板栗 授粉配置 花期 成果率 果实品质 罗田县 

分 类 号：S722.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]