佛教中国化视域下大足宝顶山石刻大小佛湾密教造像研究  

Perspectives on Buddhist Sinicization:A Study on the Esoteric Buddhism Statues of Dazu Baoding Mountain Stone Carvings in Big and Small Buddha Bay

作　　者：党措[1] Dangcuo

机构地区：[1]青海民族大学,青海西宁810007

出　　处：《青海民族大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期129-140,共12页Journal of Qinghai Minzu University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门“绝学”和国别史等研究专项“青甘川滇藏传佛教各派寺院曼荼罗图像和文本的搜集整理与研究”(项目编号:19VJX132);青海民族大学“西北区域史研究科研创新团队”“藏传佛教与喜马拉雅山地国家研究中心”;青海民族大学民族学与社会学学院2023年学科建设重点项目“宗教中国化史证研究”的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：重庆大足石刻宝顶石窟大佛湾第21、22号龛与小佛湾第9号窟之密教造像别具特色,是佛教传入巴蜀地区后与当地的民间信仰相互糅合的产物,大佛湾第22号龛应是将瑜伽密教金刚界曼荼罗部分神祇和宋代流行于巴蜀地区突出秽迹金刚法的瑜伽教相结合,大佛湾第21号龛与小佛湾第9号窟都与密教金刚界曼荼罗有密切关联,小佛湾第9号窟是南宋时期密教高僧赵智凤用来修习瑜伽密法的观想窟,其窟内外造像除与金刚界大曼荼罗高度相似外,又融合“柳本尊十炼”等诸尊像,是巴蜀地区佛教中国化的典型案例,在佛教中国化的演进中具有重要意义。The shrines No.21 and No.22 in Big Buddha Bay,and No.9 in Small Buddha Bay of Dazu,Chongqing,present a unique blend of Buddhism and local folk beliefs,following Buddhism’s introduction to the Bashu area.Shrine No.22 in Big Buddha Bay likely represents a fusion of Vajra-dhātu Mandala deities with the Yoga religion,which was prevalent in the Bashu area during the Song Dynasty.Shrines No.21 and No.9 are intimately linked to the Vajra-dhātu Mandala.Notably,Shrine No.9,a meditation cave used by Zhao Zhifeng,an esoteric monk from the Southern Song Dynasty,to practice Vajra-yāna,contains statues both inside and outside that closely resemble the Vajra-dhātu Mandala.These statues also incorporate elements such as“Liu Ben Zuns Ten Kinds of Cruel Practice”exemplifying the Sinicization of Buddhism in the Bashu area.This case is significant in the evolutionary process of Buddhist Sinicization.

关 键 词：宝顶山石刻 佛教中国化 金刚界曼荼罗神祇 宋代瑜伽教 

分 类 号：B94[哲学宗教—宗教学] J59[艺术—艺术设计]