New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023  

作　　者：Lijing CHENG John ABRAHAM Kevin E.TRENBERTH Tim BOYER Michael EMANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANG Fujiang YU Ricardo LOCARNINI John FASULLO Fei ZHENG Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Dakui WANG Licheng FENG Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Franco RESEGHETTI Simona SIMONCELLI Viktor GOURETSKI Gengxin CHEN Alexey MISHONOV Jim REAGAN Karina VON SCHUCKMANN Yuying PAN Zhetao TAN Yujing ZHU Wangxu WEI Guancheng LI Qiuping REN Lijuan CAO Yayang LU 

机构地区：[1]International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China [2]University of St.Thomas,School of Engineering,Minnesota 55105,USA [3]NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research,Boulder,Colorado 80307,USA [4]University of Auckland,Auckland 1010,New Zealand [5]National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,National Centers for Environmental Information,Silver Spring,Maryland 20910,USA [6]Department of Earth and Environmental Science,University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania 19104,USA [7]Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China [8]National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center,Ministry of Natural Resources of China,Beijing 100081,China [9]Oceanographic Data Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China [10]College of Oceanography,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China [11]National Marine Data and Information Service,Tianjin 300171,China [12]Italian National Agency for New Technologies,Energy and Sustainable Economic Development,S.Teresa Research Center,Lerici 19032,Italy [13]Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia,Sede di Bologna,Bologna 40128,Italy [14]South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China [15]ESSIC/CISESS-MD,University of Maryland,College Park,MD,20740,USA [16]Mercator Ocean International,Toulouse 31400,France [17]Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center,Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,PRC,Guangzhou 510611,China [18]National Meteorological Information Center,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China [19]International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals,Beijing 100094,China

出　　处：《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》2024年第6期1068-1082,共15页大气科学进展（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42076202, 42122046, 42206208 and 42261134536);the Open Research Cruise NORC2022-10+NORC2022-303 supported by NSFC shiptime Sharing Projects 42149910;the new Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE, DAMO Academy Young Fellow, Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences;National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project “Earth System Science Numerical Simulator Facility” (EarthLab);sponsored by the US National Science Foundation;supported by NASA Awards 80NSSC17K0565, 80NSSC21K1191, and 80NSSC22K0046;by the Regional and Global Model Analysis (RGMA) component of the Earth and Environmental System Modeling Program of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Biological & Environmental Research (BER) via National Science Foundation IA 1947282;supported by NOAA (Grant No. NA19NES4320002 to CISESS-MD at the University of Maryland);supported by the Young Talent Support Project of Guangzhou Association for Science and Technology;funded by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) in agreement between INGV, ENEA, and GNV SpA shipping company that provides hospitality on its commercial vessels

摘　　要：The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human activities.In 2023,the sea surface temperature(SST)and upper 2000 m ocean heat content(OHC)reached record highs.The 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15±10 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules=1021 Joules)(updated IAP/CAS data);9±5 ZJ(NCEI/NOAA data).The Tropical Atlantic Ocean,the Mediterranean Sea,and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the 1950s.Associated with the onset of a strong El Niño,the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of~0.23℃ higher than 2022 and an astounding>0.3℃ above 2022 values for the second half of 2023.The density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023.

关 键 词：ocean heat content SALINITY STRATIFICATION global warming CLIMATE 

分 类 号：P461.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P731.11