地理信息学科发展的思考  

Reflections on the Development of the Geographic Information Discipline

作　　者：闾国年[1,2,3] 袁林旺 陈旻[1,2,3] 张雪英 周良辰[1,2,3] 俞肇元 罗文[1,2,3] 乐松山 吴明光[1,2,3] LV Guonian;YUAN Linwang;CHEN Min;ZHANG Xueying;ZHOU Liangchen;YU Zhaoyuan;LUOWen;YUE Songshan;WU Mingguang(College of Geographic Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Ministry of Education,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023 [2]南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室,南京210023 [3]江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,南京210023

出　　处：《地球信息科学学报》2024年第4期767-778,共12页Journal of Geo-information Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41930648,41842047,41930104)。

摘　　要：地理信息科学(GIS)既有学科自身发展的需求,也是支撑地理学、地球系统科学和未来地球学等前沿探索的技术方法,还是服务于国家战略与社会发展的支撑技术。面对当今地理信息科学发展的内在规律、相关学科发展的外在驱动,以及人工智能等新技术的牵引,本文首先从描述内容、表达维度、表达方式、分析方法与服务模式6个维度,分析了GIS的发展过程,探索了其发展规律;然后,在解读地理学发展的初心与目标的基础上,提出了面向“物理-人文-信息”三元世界的地理学学科体系,讨论了信息地理学研究对象,提出了一个综合信息7要素与地理描述7维度的概念模型;随后,从信息科学视角的地理信息科学、地理学视角的信息地理学、以及语言学视角的地理语言学3个方面分析了地理信息学科的发展趋势。最后,总结了GIS、信息时代的地理学、地理场景、地理大模型等可能的发展方向和要点,以期丰富对地理信息学科的认识,促进地理信息相关科学的发展,提升学科对国家发展需求支撑和社会服务能力。Geographic Information Science(GIS)is not only the demand for the development of the discipline itself,but also the technical method to support the exploration of the frontiers of geography,earth system science and future geography,and the supporting technology to serve the national strategy and social development.In view of the intrinsic law of the development of geographic information science,the extrinsic drive of the development of related disciplines,and the pull of new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence(AI),this paper firstly analyses the development process of GIS and explores its development law from six dimensions,such as description content,expression dimension,expression mode,analysis method and service mode,etc.;then,on the basis of interpreting the original intention and goal of the development of geography,a geography discipline system oriented to the"physical-humanistic-informational"triadic world is proposed,the research object of information geography is discussed,and a conceptual model integrating the seven elements of information and seven dimensions of geographic descriptions is put forward;then,the development trend of geographic information science is analysed from three aspects,including geography from the perspective of information science,information geography from the perspective of geography,and geo-linguistics from the perspective of linguistics,information geography from the perspective of geography,and geolinguistics from the perspective of linguistics,the development trend of geographic information discipline is analysed.Finally,the paper summarises the possible directions and points of development of GIS,geography in the information age,geo-scenario,and geo-big model.We hope that our work can contribute to enriching the understanding of geographic information disciplines,promoting the development of geographic information related sciences,and enhancing the ability of the discipline to support national development needs and serve society.

关 键 词：地理信息 地理信息系统 地理信息科学 信息地理学 地理语言学 地理场景 三元世界 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]