基于工况特征的高速插齿机静压主轴润滑特性研究  

Study on Pressure and Flow Characteristics of Hydrostatic Spindle of High-Speed Gear Shaping Machine Based on Working Conditions

作　　者：焦宇泽 李栋[1,2] 戚厚军[1,3] 奚浩然 邢侃 JIAO Yuze;LI Dong;QI Houjun;XI Haoran;XING Kan(School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University of Technology and Education,Tianjin 300222,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of High-Speed Cutting and Precision Machining,Tianjin University of Technology and Education,Tianjin 300222,China;Tianjin High-End Intelligent CNC Machine Tool Engineering Research Center,Tianjin University of Technology and Education,Tianjin 300222,China;Tianjin First Machine Tool Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300385,China)

机构地区：[1]天津职业技术师范大学机械工程学院,天津300222 [2]天津职业技术师范大学天津市高速切削与精密加工重点实验室,天津300222 [3]天津职业技术师范大学天津市高端智能数控机床工程研究中心,天津300222 [4]天津第一机床有限公司,天津300385

出　　处：《组合机床与自动化加工技术》2024年第6期140-145,共6页Modular Machine Tool & Automatic Manufacturing Technique

基　　金：2021年天津市新一代人工智能科技重大专项项目(21ZXJBGX00020);天津市研究生科研创新资助项目(2022SKYZ013,2022SKYZ011);天津市教委科研计划资助项目(2022ZD019)。

摘　　要：针对高速插齿机静压主轴在实际工况特征下存在润滑特性不明晰的问题,以摩擦学和流体力学理论为基础,采用有限元仿真法建立不同受载状态下的静压主轴流体仿真模型及流固耦合模型,基于实际工况特征探究不同工况参数下静压主轴的润滑特性变化规律。结果表明,油膜承载力、主轴轴套变形量及黏性阻力随径向增大而增加,而油膜刚度则是随径向载荷增大先减小后增加。轴套最大变形位置随径向载荷增大而不同。在相同径向载荷下,主轴冲程速度对油膜承载力基本无影响而黏性阻力随冲程速度增大而增加。增大供油压力可显著提高静压主轴承载性能但轴套最大变形量也有明显增大,同时会改变油液流动方向进而加剧油膜黏性剪切应力集中现象,最终使得应力集中区域油膜破裂出现润滑失效现象。The lubrication characteristics of the hydrostatic spindle of the high-speed gear shaping machine are not clear under the actual working conditions,based on the theory of tribology and fluid dynamics,the lubrication characteristics of the hydrostatic spindle of the high-speed gear shaping machine are investigated by finite element simulation based on the actual working parameters.The results show that the larger radial load,the higher the oil film bearing capacity,the maximum deformation of the spindle sleeve and the viscous resistance,while the oil film stiffness decreases and then increases with the increase of eccentricity.The maximum deformation position of the sleeve gradually transitions from the center of the oil sealing surface to the center of the oil sealing cavity and a small part of the oil sealing surface with the increase of eccentricity.Under the same eccentricity condition,the stroke speed has no effect on the oil film load carrying capacity,and the viscous resistance of oil film increases with the increase of stroke speed and the increase of eccentricity.Increasing the oil supply pressure can significantly increase the oil film stiffness and load carrying capacity,but the maximum deformation of the sleeve also increases significantly.Increasing the oil supply pressure has no effect on the viscous resistance,but it will change the oil flow direction and increase the viscous shear stress concentration of the oil film,which may lead to the rupture of the oil film and lubrication failure in the stress concentration area.The study can provide some reference for the optimization of hydrostatic spindle process parameters of high-speed gear shaping machine.

关 键 词：流体机械 高速静压主轴 润滑特性 工况特征 

分 类 号：TH133.2[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG66[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]