微塑料对湖泊生态系统初级生产者的影响  

Impacts of microplastics on primary producers of lake ecosystems

作　　者：吴凡 哈咸瑞 黎佳佳 高扬[1,2] WU Fan;HA Xianrui;LI Jiajia;GAO Yang(Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第11期4465-4477,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42107340,42225103)。

摘　　要：塑料的广泛应用导致大量微塑料进入环境,尤其是水环境,从而产生环境风险。浮游植物等自养生物是湖泊系统的主要初级生产者,是湖泊食物链的关键组成部分,为食物链的上游提供能量和物质基础。同时,浮游植物也是对微塑料响应最敏感的类群。了解湖泊浮游植物等初级生产者对微塑料的响应是探究微塑料对湖泊生态系统功能影响的重要基础。总结了全球湖泊生态系统微塑料的丰度、类型、尺寸、来源等分布特征,系统分析了微塑料暴露对浮游植物等初级生产者细胞结构、基因表达和生长,以及对浮游植物叶绿素a含量、光合活性的影响,并总结了其中的影响机制。总体而言,微塑料会降低初级生产者的叶绿素a含量,剂量越高、尺寸越小,这种抑制作用越强烈;同时,微塑料也会作用于初级生产者,造成细胞膜损伤、DNA损伤,调控其相关功能基因表达,抑制其生长和光合活性等。然而,湖泊生态系统微塑料的实际检出浓度远低于室内暴露实验中的添加剂量,微塑料结构和组分也更为复杂,野外观测结果与室内培养实验之间还不能建立直接的对应关系。因此,未来的相关研究应集中在如何有效联系野外观测结果与室内培养实验结果,进一步聚焦建立可靠的、可应用推广的微塑料浓度与初级生产者之间的剂量-效应关系模型,探究微塑料对湖泊初级生产者的作用机制,为刻画微塑料对湖泊生态系统初级生产者及其功能的作用机制提供科学支撑。As a result of the increasing global production and usage of plastics,a large amount of microplastics has been widely detected in many environmental media,especially in the aquatic environment,causing environmental risks.Autotrophic organisms including phytoplankton,aquatic plants and some autotrophic microorganisms are the main primary producer in lake ecosystems,and are the key components of the lake food chain,providing energy and material base for upstream of the food chain.In addition,as the main primary producers in freshwater,phytoplankton is the most sensitive component and respond fast to environmental changes.Therefore,phytoplankton was used as indicator for assessing the status of lake ecosystem function and stability.Understanding the response of phytoplankton to microplastics is crucial for clarifying the effect of microplastics on lake ecosystem functioning.Here,we summarized the distribution characteristics(abundance,type,and size)and source of microplastics in global lake ecosystems,and systematically analyzed the effects and the involved mechanisms of microplastics exposure on the cellular structure,gene expression and growth,as well as the content of Chlorophyll a and photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton and other aquatic organisms.In summary,the microplastics could inhibit the chlorophyll a content and photosynthetic activity of the primary producers.The higher the dose and the smaller the size,the stronger the inhibitory effect of microplastics.Microplastics could cause cell membrane damage,DNA damage,regulate the functional gene expression,and inhibit the growth of the primary producers,simultaneously.The impact of microplastics on primary producers in lakes could subsequently lead to an impact on lake function.However,the actual level of microplastic concentrations in lake ecosystem was much lower than the dose of additives in the incubation experiment in lab,and the structure and components of microplastics in lake are more complex than that in the incubation system in lab.Thus,the dire

关 键 词：微塑料浓度 初级生产者 细胞结构 光合作用 叶绿素A 剂量-效应关系 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]