区域协同视角下黄河流域生态安全格局构建  

Constructing ecological security patterns through regional cooperation in the Yellow River Basin

作　　者：孙宝娣 钟城豪 崔东旭[3] 韩青 唐敬超 陈亚男 SUN Baodi;ZHONG Chenghao;HAN Qing;TANG Jingchao(Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266033,China;Shandong Engineering Research Center of City Information Modeling,Qingdao 266033,China 3 Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛理工大学,青岛266033 [2]城市信息模型山东省工程研究中心,青岛266033 [3]山东建筑大学,济南250101

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第11期4624-4636,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32301382);山东省人文社会科学课题(2023-ESDZ-032);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020QC027);山东省高等学校青年创新团队项目(2022KJ161)。

摘　　要：近些年黄河治理卓有成效,但因黄河生态底子薄弱,还存在生物多样性降低、生态系统不稳定和退化等问题。以区域协同视角构建黄河流域生态安全格局,主要贡献在于融合生态、经济和社会层面的集成数据为基础,从自然环境(地)、人类活动(人)和地物阻隔(人地耦合)三方面构建流域综合阻力评价体系,提出一个在黄河全流域地区构建生态安全格局的新框架。具体内容包括:(1)基于形态学空间格局和景观连通性进行黄河流域生态源地识别;(2)从自然环境、人类活动和地物阻隔三方面构建流域综合阻力评价体系,并对黄河流域生态安全进行分级;(3)结合最小累积阻力模型进行黄河流域生态廊道提取及战略点识别。结果表明黄河流域生态源地斑块数量为75个,面积为23.13万km^(2),占流域总面积的29.09%;流域高度安全区域面积为17.83万km^(2)、中度安全区域面积为27.83万km^(2)、较低与低安全区域面积为33.84万km^(2),占流域总面积的比例分别为22.43%、35.00%和42.57%;流域具有94条生态廊道,平均长度为37503 m,主要用地类型为草地和森林;流域生态战略点共有12个,主要分布于黄河流域东部,阻力值相对较高,容易成为影响黄河流域连通性的“瓶颈”。最后探讨生态安全格局构建对黄河流域整体生态保护以及现有《黄河流域生态环境保护规划》的影响,并从利用水资源评估体系优化生态源地的识别、基于电路理论结合指示性物种的迁移优化生态廊道和战略点识别,提出未来黄河流域生态安全格局优化建议,以期为构建面向流域国土空间生态修复的黄河流域资源时空配置,提供评价与优化的策略和方法;同时也为协同推动黄河流域经济高质量发展和生态环境高水平保护,提供有效保证。The Yellow River Basin has been successfully managed in recent years.However,due to the weak ecological foundation of the Yellow River Basin,problems such as reduced biodiversity,ecosystem instability,and degradation remain.The main problems of ecological environment protection in the source,upper,middle,lower reaches,and deltas of the Yellow River Basin are different.In the context of the Yellow River strategy,the problem of a fragile ecological background is becoming increasingly evident.Regional coordinated development is the target direction of the Yellow River Basin governance.Constructing a multi-objective ecological security pattern and realizing a harmonious coexistence between man and nature are the focus of ecological research in the Yellow River Basin.This study constructs an ecological security pattern for the Yellow River Basin from the perspective of regional cooperation.The main contribution is to construct a comprehensive resistance evaluation system for the basin from three aspects:natural environment(land),human activities(people),and land barrier(human-land coupling),based on the integrated data from ecological,economic,and social levels,and to propose a new framework for constructing ecological security pattern in the entire Yellow River Basin.Specific contents include:(1)identifying ecological source areas in the Yellow River Basin based on morphological spatial pattern and landscape connectivity methods;(2)constructing a comprehensive resistance evaluation system from three aspects—natural environment,human activities and land barrier—and ranking the ecological security of the Yellow River Basin;and(3)combining it with the minimum cumulative resistance model,the ecological corridor extraction and strategic point identification were carried out in the Yellow River Basin.The results showed that the number of ecological source patches in the Yellow River Basin was 75,covering 23.13×10^(4)km^(2),accounting for 29.09%of the total area of the basin.The high security area was 17.83×10^(4)km^(

关 键 词：生态安全格局 生态源地 生态廊道 生态战略点 黄河流域 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]