4种樟属植物脉序和气孔特征及其分类学意义  

Taxonomic Significance of Venation Pattern and Stoma Morphology Characters in Four Species of Cinnamomum Trew

作　　者：吴望 曹明琴 胡云棵 谢俊峰 李川 高刚[1] Wu Wang;Cao Mingqin;Hu Yunke;Xie Junfeng;Li Chuan;Gao Gang(Faculty of Agriculture,Forest and Food Engineering,Yibin University,Yibin,Sichuan 644000;Zhijin Yucai School,Bijie,Guizhou 552100)

机构地区：[1]宜宾学院农林与食品工程学部,四川宜宾644000 [2]贵州省织金育才学校,贵州毕节552100

出　　处：《中国林副特产》2024年第3期16-19,22,共5页Forest By-product and Speciality in China

摘　　要：为了探究4种樟属植物(云南樟、天竺桂、樟和油樟)脉序特征以及气孔特征在植物分类和演化上的意义。采用脉络法制作叶脉脉序标本,另采用明美显微成像系统对气孔数量、长轴短轴长度、保卫细胞形态、网孔数量、网孔大小进行观察、统计和分析。结果表明:天竺桂叶为长椭圆型,叶脉为明显离基三出脉,云南樟、樟、油樟都为阔椭圆型叶型,环结羽状脉。云南樟网孔和叶片最大,二级脉排列不均匀,每侧4~5条;樟的网孔最小,叶柄最长,二级脉每侧2~3条。天竺桂气孔数量最多,气孔形状为长椭圆形,保卫细胞形态为肾状等厚壁型。云南樟、油樟和樟的气孔数目接近,气孔形状为近圆形,保卫细胞形态属于船型。天竺桂长轴与短轴之比最大,为1.8,油樟长轴与短轴之比最小,为1.1。樟属植物叶的脉型、脉序、网眼、气孔都是比较稳定的性状,可以此为依据进行有效的分类。此外,四个物种的叶型、脉序、气孔特征差异不大,不存在较多的平行和逆转演化,可以初步说明樟属植物性状间的演化路线比较单一,四者演化地位相似,叶片形态解剖学特征支持4种植物为同属植物。In order to explore the significance of venation characteristics of Cinnamum glanduliferum,Cinnamum japonicum,Cinnamum camphora and Cinnamum longipaniculatum as well as stomatal characteristics in plant classification and evolution.The venation specimens of leaf veins were made by the venation method.In addition,the number of stomata,the length of long axis and short axis,the morphology of guard cells,the number of mesh and the size of mesh were observed,counted and analyzed by the Mingmei micro imaging system.The results showed that:The leaves of C.japonicum were of long elliptic type,and the veins of the leaves were obviously off base three outgoing veins.The leaves of C.glanduliferum,C.camphora and C.longipaniculatum were of wide elliptic type,with pinnate veins.The mesh and leaf of C.glanduliferum are the largest,and the secondary veins are arranged unevenly,with 4~5 on each side;C.camphora has the smallest mesh,the longest petiole and 2~3 secondary veins on each side.The number of stomata is the most in C.japonicum,the stomata shape is long oval,and the guard cell shape is kidney like and equal thick walled.The number of stomata of C.glanduliferum,C.camphora and C.longipaniculatum is similar,the shape of stomata is nearly round,and the shape of guard cells belongs to ship type.The ratio of long axis to short axis of C.japonicum is the largest,which is 1.8.The ratio of long axis to short axis of C.glanduliferum is the smallest,which is 1.1.Generally speaking,the vein type,vein sequence,mesh and stoma of Cinnamomum Trew leaves are relatively stable characters,which can be used as a basis for effective classification.In addition,the leaf shape,venation and stomatal characteristics of the four species have little difference,and there is no more parallel and reverse evolution.It can be preliminarily explained that the evolution route among the characters of Cinnamomum Trew is relatively single,and the evolution status of the four species is similar.The morphological and anatomical characteristics of leaves suppor

关 键 词：樟属 脉序特征 气孔特征 分类 

分 类 号：Q949.4[生物学—植物学]