17998例尘肺病患者死因分析  

Analysis of causes of death in 17998 cases of pneumoconiosis patients

作　　者：李欣欣 王丹[1] 吴今昊 柳安琪 王鸿飞[1] 胡伟江[1] LI Xinxin;WANG Dan;WU Jinhao;LIU Anqi;WANG Hongfei;HU Weijiang(National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2024年第3期208-212,共5页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的分析尘肺病患者死亡病例死因构成情况,为尘肺病防治提供科学依据。方法对2006-2020年职业病及健康危害因素监测信息系统中诊断并报告且可在死因监测系统中查询到死因信息的17998例职业性尘肺病死亡病例进行分析。结果尘肺病患者死因的前五位分别为呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、心脏病、脑血管疾病和伤害,其中呼吸系统疾病主要为尘肺病和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonay disease,COPD),恶性肿瘤主要为肺癌。矽肺、煤工尘肺、铸工尘肺和石棉肺患者首位死因为呼吸系统疾病(均超过40%),电焊工尘肺患者首位死因为恶性肿瘤(占35.2%),水泥尘肺患者首位死因为心脑血管疾病(占33.9%);叁期尘肺因呼吸系统疾病死亡比例(占67.3%)高于壹期和贰期尘肺;石工和爆破工因呼吸系统疾病死亡比例(均超过50%)高于其它工种,电焊工因肺癌死亡比例(占26.4%)高于其它工种;接尘工龄10~<20年病例因尘肺病死亡比例最高(占33.2%);不同尘肺病种、期别、工种、接尘工龄病例的死因构成比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=89.368、1535.995、212.490、118.593,P<0.01)。随死亡年龄增长,呼吸系统疾病死因所占比例下降,恶性肿瘤和心脑血管疾病死因所占比例升高(χ^(2)=11.406,P<0.01)。结论积极预防和治疗尘肺病患者呼吸系统并发症,同时重视心脑血管疾病和恶性肿瘤等慢性病的防治,有望延长尘肺病患者寿命。Objective To analyze the underlying causes of death in pneumoconiosis patients,providing a scientific basis for its prevention and treatment.Methods This analysis included 17998 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis deaths diagnosed and reported in the occupational disease surveillance system from 2006 to 2020.Their information on death causes was accessible in the mortality monitoring system.Results The top five causes of death in pneumoconiosis patients were respiratory system diseases,malignant tumors,heart disease,cerebrovascular disease,and injuries.The respiratory system diseases were mainly pneumoconiosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,and the primary cause of death due to malignant tumors was lung cancer.Respiratory diseases were the leading cause of death for patients with silicosis,coal worker's pneumoconiosis,foundry worker's pneumoconiosis,and asbestosis(all exceeding 40%),while malignant tumors accounted for the highest proportion of deaths(35.2%)among welder's pneumoconiosis patients,and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases accounted for the highest proportion of deaths(33.9%)among cement pneumoconiosis patients.The proportion of deaths due to respiratory diseases in stage III pneumoconiosis(67.3%)was higher than those in stage I and II pneumoconiosis,and the proportion of deaths due to respiratory diseases among stonemasons and explosive workers(both exceeding 50%)was higher than that among other occupations.Welders had a higher proportion of deaths due to lung cancer(26.4%)compared with other occupations.Among cases with 10 to<20years of exposure to dust,the proportion of deaths due to pneumoconiosis was the highest(33.2%).The differences in the causes of death among cases of different types of pneumoconiosis,stages,occupations,and years of exposure to dust were statistically significant(χ^(2)=89.368,1535.995,212.490,118.593,P<0.01).As the age at death increased,the proportion of deaths due to respiratory diseases decreased,while the proportions of deaths due to malignant tumors

关 键 词：尘肺病 死亡原因 根本死因 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]